Body patterning behavior in unshelled cephalopod molluscs such as squid, octopuses, and cuttlefish is the ability of these animals to create complex patterns on their skin. This behavior is generated primarily by chromatophores, pigment-containing organs that are directly innervated by central motoneurons. The present study focuses on innervation patterns and location of chromatophore motoneuro...

The magnitude of tensile stress and tensile strain at an anastomosis site under physiological stress is an important factor for the success of anastomosis following suturing in peripheral nerve injury treatment. Sciatic nerves from fresh adult cadavers were used to create models of sciatic nerve injury. The denervated specimens underwent epineurial and perineurial suturing. The elastic modulus ...

The case notes of 34 patients undergoing rehabilitative facial nerve surgery between 1978 and 1994 were retrospectively examined. Thirteen patients underwent facio-hypoglossal transposition with six achieving a facial nerve grade of IV (House-Brackmann scale) at 24 months post-surgery. Twelve patients underwent cable grafting of the facial nerve defect. Of these, 10 achieved a grade III result ...

Individually identified primary motoneurons of the zebrafish embryo pioneer cell-specific peripheral motor nerves. Later, the growth cones of secondary motoneurons extend along pathways pioneered by primary motor axons. To learn whether primary motor axons are required for pathway navigation by secondary motoneurons, we ablated primary motoneurons and examined subsequent pathfinding by the grow...

introduction: repair of peripheral nerve injuries is an intensive area of challenge and research in modern reconstructive microsurgery. intensive research is being carried out to develop effective alternatives to the standard nerve autografting, avoiding its drawbacks. the aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly designed mechanical device for the reconstruction of the scia...

Two main vascular routes supply the brain, internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and vertebral arteries. The external artery (ECA) mainly supplies skin, muscle, skull; thus, neurointerventionalists should be aware of ECA‐ICA, ECA‐vertebral artery, extracranial–intracranial anastomoses. These anastomoses are not newly formed but that remnants developmental processes. During development, ICA has with ...

BACKGROUND Esophagectomy is a complex operation and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In an attempt to lower morbidity, we have adopted a minimally invasive approach to esophagectomy. OBJECTIVES Our primary objective was to evaluate the outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) in a large group of patients. Our secondary objective was to compare the modified McK...

UNLABELLED Sectioned facial nerves can be repaired with grafting or end-to-end anastomosis. OBJECTIVE To discuss these repair procedures and what can be expected of them. METHOD Seven patients with sectioned facial nerves were included in the study. Four underwent grafting and three were offered end-to-end anastomosis. Facial nerve palsy was iatrogenic in five patients and was caused by bul...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The hypoglossal-facial-anastomosis is the most often applied procedure for the reanimation of a long lasting peripheral facial nerve paralysis. The use of an interposition graft and its end-to-side anastomosis to the hypoglossal nerve allows the preservation of the tongue function and also requires two anastomosis sites and a free second donor nerve. We describe the modifi...

introduction: manipulation of protein stability is important for understanding the principles that govern protein thermostability, both in basic research and industrial applications. various data mining techniques exist for prediction of thermostable proteins. furthermore, ann methods have attracted significant attention for prediction of thermostability, because they constitute an appropriate ...