Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are composed of mobile stations communicating through wireless links, without any fixed backbone support. In these networks, limited power energy supply, and frequent topology changes caused by node mobility, makes their routing a challenging problem. TORA is one of the routing protocols that successfully copes with the nodes’ mobility side effects, but it do...

In recent years mobile networks have expanded dramatically, compared with other wireless networks. Routing protocols in these networks are designed with the assumption that there is no attacker node, so routing protocols are vulnerable to various attacks in these networks. In this paper, we review the network layer attacks and then we simulate the impact of black hole attack on ad hoc on demand...

The recent introduction of SDN allows deploying new centralized network algorithms that dramatically improve operations. In such algorithms, the controller obtains a network-wide view by merging measurement data from Network Measurement Points (NMPs). A fundamental challenge is several NMPs may count same packet, reducing accuracy measurement. Existing solutions circumvent this problem assuming...

Efficiently routing in a dynamic network is a important problem in ad hoc network according to development of personal data assistant (PDA) and wireless network equipment. However conventional routing algorithm is difficult to apply to dynamic topology network. Q-Routing, DRQ-Routing and Ants-Routing which are based on reinforcement learning technique are proposed. But convergence speed and rou...

This chapter provides history of routing to cognitive routing . Firstly i t reviews hardwired routing a kind of switching to dynamic routing for telecommunication network starting with dynamic alternate routing (DAR) to ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) routing. Secondly it presents routing in data network or packet switching. Thirdly it reviews routing for wireless multi hop network with specia...

Manufacturers, who re-supply a large number of customers, continually struggle with the question of how to formulate a replenishment strategy. The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal set of routes for a group of vehicles in the transportation network under defined constraints – which is known as the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) – delivering new items, and resolving the invent...

Today, information networks play an important role in supply chain management. Therefore, in this article, clustering-based routing protocols, which are one of the most important ways to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks, are used to optimize the supply chain informational cloud network. Accordingly, first, a clustering protocol is presented using self-organizing map neu...

The naming and routing play a very important role for network communications. To characterize the influence of network topology characteristics, network mobility features, network layer naming schemes on the routing scalability, we introduce a new concept called partial transparent graph. We show that a partial transparent graph can better characterize the topological properties of a layered co...