PURPOSE To develop and evaluate an improved method of generating en face fundus images from three-dimensional optical coherence tomography images which enhances the visualization of drusen. METHODS We describe a novel approach, the restricted summed-voxel projection (RSVP), to generate en face projection images of the retinal surface combined with an image processing method to enhance drusen ...

AIMS Drusen are rarely observed in patients < 50 years of age. Two types of early onset drusen (EOD) are commonly described: basal laminar drusen (BLD) and drusen associated with Malattia Leventinese (ML). Our purpose was to classify the phenotype of EOD on the basis of fundus examination, and fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) features. METHODS We performed...

Drusen are extracellular deposits between the basal lamina of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the inner collagenous layer of Bruch's membrane. Large colloid drusen (LCD) are located below the RPE and are characterized by multiple, large, dome-shaped RPE detachments, with marked attenuation of the ellipsoid zone overlaying the drusen. This report presents the structural en face optical ...

Purpose To assess the evolution of retinal findings in patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) by funduscopy, intravenous fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography. Observations Three women and one man were followed for a period of 1.5-37 years. Four patients (8 eyes) had drusen detected at first fundus exam at age 24, 29, 50 and 55. Three patients (6 eyes...

Background/aim: The loss of short wavelength sensitive (SWS) cone mechanism sensitivity is related to severe vision loss in patients with age related maculopathy (ARM). A case-control study of patients with ARM and age matched controls was performed, using blue on yellow static perimetry. Methods: A bright yellow background at 594 nm isolated the responses of short wavelength cone mechanisms to...

PURPOSE To evaluate a machine learning algorithm that allows for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of nonadvanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by providing an accurate detection and quantification of drusen location, area, and size. METHODS Color fundus photographs of 407 eyes without AMD or with early to moderate AMD were randomly selected from a large European multicenter database. A...

BACKGROUND/AIM The loss of short wavelength sensitive (SWS) cone mechanism sensitivity is related to severe vision loss in patients with age related maculopathy (ARM). A case-control study of patients with ARM and age matched controls was performed, using blue on yellow static perimetry. METHODS A bright yellow background at 594 nm isolated the responses of short wavelength cone mechanisms to...

We thank Giuseppe Querques for his comments on our recent article on Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD). We fully agree with his observation that the drusen-like deposits at the fundus of some patients shown in our study resemble reticular pseudodrusen (RPD). We also endorse his interesting pathophysiologic considerations. When reviewing the literature on SFD, we noticed a lack of detailed analysis ...

PURPOSE To describe the incidence rate of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the progression rates of early stages of age-related maculopathy (ARM), and to study the hierarchy of fundus features that determine progression. METHODS A group of 4953 subjects aged 55 years and older living in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, was studied at baseline and at 2-year follow-up to determine the inci...

PURPOSE To compare nonmydriatic stereoscopic Optomap ultrawide field images with dilated stereoscopic Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study 7-standard field 35-mm color 30-degree fundus photographs (ETDRS photography) and clinical examination for determining diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) severity. DESIGN Single-site, prospective, comparative, instrument valid...