Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a non-invasive method commonly used to evaluate neuromuscular function from brain to muscle (supra-spinal, spinal and peripheral levels). The present protocol describes how this method can be used to stimulate the posterior tibial nerve that activates plantar flexor muscles. Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation consists of inducing an electrical...

Chronically paralyzed muscle requires extensive training before it can deliver a therapeutic dose of repetitive stress to the musculoskeletal system. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation, under feedback control, may subvert the effects of fatigue, yielding more rapid and extensive adaptations to training. The purposes of this investigation were to 1) compare the effectiveness of torque feedback...

Leg Cycle Ergometry using Functional Electrical Stimulation provides many health benefits for paraplegic users. The Lumbo-sacral Anterior Root Stimulator Implant provides sufficient control over the muscles in the legs for leg powered cycling to be achieved, however for further development to take place, more knowledge is needed about the complicated pathways involved in the neuromuscular syste...

The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of percutaneous neuromuscular stimulatory (PNS) pulse duration on whole muscle contractile properties of the human biceps brachii muscle as measured by a laser-based mechanomyographic (MMG) technique. This study quantified the effect of PNS pulse duration on muscle contractile properties to facilitate the development of standardized tech...

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays an essential role in neuromuscular transmission, therefore it is surprising that AChE knockout (KO) mice could live to the adulthood. Neuromuscular functioning in KO and normal (wild type, WT) mice were studied, at different age (1.5-, 4- and 9-month-old). Hindlimb muscle force productions in response to nerve or muscle electric stimulation were recorded in sit...