In the second half of 19th century, world was confronted with large-scale social movements, which changed relations between citizen and state once for all. Particularly, emergence Suffragette movement, then Vietnam’s anti-war as well influence many other smaller, local, short-term raised new questions scientific community. How to study movements? Which method is more convenient how apply it? Wh...

This paper argues that current academic approaches to environmentalism in developing countries understate the role of class in either dominating political alliances, or in constructing underlying environmental discourse. The paper uses examples of various social movements in Thailand to illustrate the diverse ways in which environmental activism may represent or support different political obje...