SUMMARY As nipple-sparing mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction has increased, attention must be paid to the viability of the nipple-areolar complex. This article describes the use of preoperative Doppler ultrasound to identify the internal mammary artery perforators. Preserving the internal mammary artery improves vascular supply to the nipple-areolar complex.

Creation of the nipple-areolar complex is the final and important component of the breast reconstruction process. Various techniques using a variety of local flaps are available. This article covers the pre- and postoperative care of the woman having nipple reconstruction, reviews the author's preferred techniques, discusses the use of supplemental materials for nipple augmentation, and comment...

The high-riding nipple-areola complex is a clinical problem that can be encountered following cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery. Because of the desire to avoid scars on the superior aspect of the breast and the limited availability of superior breast skin, it can be technically challenging to place the nipple-areola complex in a lower position. Multiple surgical strategies have attempt...

INTRODUCTION Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is common however SCC is rarely seen on the nipple, with only ten cases of SCC of the nipple in literature (American Cancer Society, 2015; Scotto et al., 1983; Pendse and O'Connor, 2015; Loveland-Jones et al., 2010; Brookes et al., 2005; Sofos et al., 2013; King and Kremer, 2012; Venkataseshan et al., 1994; Hosaka et al., 2011) [1-9]. CASE ...

A large need remains for new noninvasive breast cancer screening modalities. Nipple fluid, that contains breast epithelial cells, is produced in the breast ducts of nonlactating women and can be collected by vacuum aspiration. Previous studies failed to obtain nipple fluid in a considerable proportion of women. We assessed the feasibility of carrying out oxytocin-supported nipple aspiration on ...

Background: Since its inception, reduction mammoplasty has matured considerably. Primary evolution in clinical research and practice initially focused on developing techniques to preserve tissue viability; breast parenchyma, skin, and nipple tissue that has expanded to include sensation and erectile function play a large role in the physical intimacy of women. Studies regarding primary innervat...

Postmastectomy nipple necrosis is a factor that leads to poor aesthetic outcome in breast reconstruction because of the unique projective structure nipple. We present case successful using de-epithelialized rectangular flap. A 45-year-old woman was diagnosed with left cancer. She had vertical scar below nipple-areolar complex due previous reduction mammoplasty. underwent nipple-sparing mastecto...

The present experiment investigated the relationship between motor activity and oral grasping of an artificial nipple in newborn rats. Pups orally grasped the artificial nipple, and they performed more and longer oral grasps in the latter portion of the nipple presentation. Motor activity was cyclical, and this cyclicity was evident before and during presentation of the artificial nipple. The o...

NHNA: nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and/or areola INTRODUCTION Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and/or areola (NHNA) is an uncommon skin disease without welldefined etiology, reported for the first time in 1923. The disease is characterized by slowly growing verrucous thickening and brown pigmentation of the areola or nipple. Here we report a lesion on the nipple clinically and dermosc...

Background In the treatment of gender dysphoria, appropriate nipple-areola complex (NAC) positioning is essential for achieving a natural appearing male chest after subcutaneous mastectomy. An accurate predictive model ideal personalized position NAC still lacking. The aim this study to determine anthropometry create individualized guidelines in preoperative setting.Materials and methods Cisgen...