Forty-one samples of skim milk powder (SMP) and nonfat dry milk (NFDM) from 8 suppliers, 13 production sites, and 3 processing temperatures were analyzed by NIR diffuse reflectance spectrometry over a period of 3 days. NIR reflectance spectra (1700-2500 nm) were converted to pseudoabsorbance and examined using (a) analysis of variance-principal component analysis (ANOVA-PCA), (b) pooled-ANOVA b...

This paper aims to link the spectral and directional variations of the leaf Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) by differentiating specular and diffuse components. To do this, BRDF of laurel (Prunus laurocesarus), European beech (Fagus silvatica) and hazel (Corylus avellana) leaves were measured at 400 wavelengths evenly spaced over the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) d...

Aim To predict future colour–climate relationships, it is important to distinguish thermal drivers of reflectance from other evolutionary drivers. We aimed achieve this by comparing relationships between climate and coloration in ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) near-infrared (NIR) light, separately. Location Samples were distributed primarily across Australia North America, with some Africa Asia. ...

One of the possibilities offered to us by the remote sensing, is to monitor all the vegetation. Therefore agricultural plants can be monitor as well. From the spectral point of view, the presence of vegetation induces a significant increase of reflectance in IR part of the spectra. The main topic of this research project was to evaluate the changes in reflectance in chosen agriculturally used l...

This study presents a method for quantitatively estimating leaf area index (LAI) in winter wheat by exploring bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data. In BRDF data, near-infrared reflectance (NIR) which is sensitive to crown component, canopy cover and crown shape, is affected by illuminated crown component, while red reflectance is sensitive to canopy gaps and controlled b...

Near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy was evaluated as at-line technique to predict FA profile of chicken breast directly at the slaughterhouse. Intact breasts of 214 chickens were scanned by applying a fiber optic probe to the Pectoralis superficialis muscle. Meat samples were analyzed by gas chromatography as the reference method for the determination of FA composition. Calibration equ...

The retrieval of crop biophysical parameters using spectral indices obtained from high temporal and spatial resolution satellite data, is a valuable tool to monitor crop growth and status. Tasseled Cap Features (TCFs) for RapidEye data were derived from spectral variances typically present in agricultural scenes. The TCF Greenness (GRE) was aligned to the spectral variance of vital vegetation, ...

Robust models for predicting soil salinity that use visible and near-infrared (vis-NIR) reflectance spectroscopy are needed to better quantify soil salinity in agricultural fields. Currently available models are not sufficiently robust for variable soil moisture contents. Thus, we used external parameter orthogonalization (EPO), which effectively projects spectra onto the subspace orthogonal to...

The Visible/near-infrared reflectance (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy combined with multiple regression methods have been employed to assess various soil properties quantitatively. However, useless or irrelevant information in some bands worsen the performances of the calibrated models. Successive projections algorithm (SPA) is an effective technique for selecting informative variables, and its applicat...