Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) is a natural compound that is used mainly in numerous food preparations. During the last few decades, ACV has been used for various therapeutic purposes in different countries. One of its main applications by people in Iran and other countries has been as an oral traditional remedy to control chronic pain in arthritis. In this study, ACV’s effects on acute and chronic ...

IAntinociceptive at the spinal level Adding NA is antinociceptive The story gets complicated because NA both inhibits and facilitates spinal nociceptive reflexes Spinal NA increases with acute and chronic nociceptive stimuli. NA tonically induces antinociception NA spinal denervation produces hyper and hypoalgesia NA spinal denervation retards the appearance of autotomy and neuropathic pain NA ...

Attention is acknowledged as an important factor in the modulation of pain. A recent model proposed that an effective control of pain by attention should not only involve the disengagement of selective attention away from nociceptive stimuli, but should also guarantee that attention is maintained on the processing of pain-unrelated information without being recaptured by the nociceptive stimuli...

In this study, we focused on the neuro-behavioral profile, toxicity, and ‎possible mechanisms of action of ‎ Dorema ammoniacum gum essential oil (DAG-EO). For this purpose, passive avoidance and Y-maze tests were performed to evaluate the potential effect ‎of DAG-EO in the attenuation of memory impairment induced by 49 days administration of D-‎galactose and acute injection of scopolam...

BACKGROUND Chronic idiopathic pain syndromes are major causes of personal suffering, disability, and societal expense. Dietary n-6 linoleic acid has increased markedly in modern industrialized populations over the past century. These high amounts of linoleic acid could hypothetically predispose to physical pain by increasing the production of pro-nociceptive linoleic acid-derived lipid autacoid...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an emerging, noninvasive technique of neurostimulation for treating pain. However, the mechanisms and pathways involved in its analgesic effects are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effects of direct current stimulation (DCS) on thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds and on the activation of the midbrain periaqueductal gr...

This study evaluated the impact of sex on the short term consequences of different periods of sleep deprivation and the effect of the respective sleep recovery periods on nociceptive responses. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the following groups: paradoxical sleep deprived (PSD) for 72 h, sleep restricted (SR) for 15 days, exposed to respective recovery periods for 24 h, or untr...

How nociceptive signals are processed within the spinal cord, and whether these signals lead to behavioral signs of neuropathic pain, depends upon their relation to other events and behavior. Our work shows that these relations can have a lasting effect on spinal plasticity, inducing a form of learning that alters the effect of subsequent nociceptive stimuli. The capacity of lower spinal system...

Glycine is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord, but it also acts as a coagonist at the glycine site of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors to potentiate nociceptive transmission. However, little is known about how increased nociceptive inflow alters synaptic glycine release in the spinal dorsal horn and its functional significance. In this study, we performed whole-cel...

background and objective: due to the presence of some evidence for anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity of tribulus terrestris (tt), this study was designed to investigate the anti-nociceptive effect of tt in streptozotocin-diabetic rats using formalin test and hot tail immersion tests. materials and methods: rats were divided into control, tt-treated control, diabetic, sodium salicylate (ss)...