We used serum and fecal corticosteroid analysis to study the physiological response to a range of invasive and non-invasive procedures in sea lions. Four experimental groups of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus; Group A: restraint only [n=9], Group B: gas anesthesia without surgery [n=10], Group C: minimally invasive surgery [n=10], and Group D: invasive surgery [n=5]) were monitored...

Bladder cancer is diagnosed by cystoscopy, a costly and invasive procedure that is associated with patient discomfort. Analysis of tumor-specific markers in DNA from sediments of voided urine has the potential for non-invasive detection of bladder cancer; however, the sensitivity is limited by low fractions and small numbers of tumor cells exfoliated into the urine from low-grade tumors. The pu...

1 Speziale MV, Mannino FL, Hastings RH, et al. Parathyroid hormone-related protein in tracheal aspirates of newborn infants. Pediatr Res 1998; 43:660–665 2 Hastings RH, Auger WR, Kerr KM, et al. Parathyroid hormone-related protein and lung injury after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. Regul Pept 2001; 102:1–7 3 Stern JB, Bernard O, Paugam C, et al. Parathyroid hormonerelated protein in epitheli...

background: in this study, we aimed to investigate the ability of transvaginal doppler ultrasonography in predicting in vitro fertilization (ivf) outcome in women undergoing this procedure. materials and methods: in this prospective observational study, 65 infertile women underwent ivf procedure in isfahan, during 2013-2014, were studied. the pulsatility index (pi), resistive index (ri) and pea...

hemodynamic monitoring is needed in up to 58% of patients presented to the emergency department. central venous pressure (cvp) monitoring is generally useful to assess general volume status. there are several methods of cvp measurement, which can be categorized as invasive and non-invasive. cvp manometer and electronic transducer are among the invasive methods and direct observation, ultrasonog...