This paper considers computation of Fréchet and limiting normal cones to a finite union of polyhedra. To this aim, we introduce a new concept of normally admissible stratification which is convenient for calculations of such cones and provide its basic properties. We further derive formulas for the above mentioned cones and compare our approach to those already known in the literature. Finally,...

Arrestins are proteins that arrest the activity of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). While it is well established that normal inactivation of photoexcited rhodopsin, the GPCR of rod phototransduction, requires arrestin (Arr1), it has been controversial whether the same requirement holds for cone opsin inactivation. Mouse cone photoreceptors express two distinct visual arrestins: Arr1 and Arr...

Individually identified primary motoneurons of the zebrafish embryo pioneer cell-specific peripheral motor nerves. Later, the growth cones of secondary motoneurons extend along pathways pioneered by primary motor axons. To learn whether primary motor axons are required for pathway navigation by secondary motoneurons, we ablated primary motoneurons and examined subsequent pathfinding by the grow...

The role of cellular interactions in the mechanism of secondary cone photoreceptor degeneration in inherited retinal degenerations in which the mutation specifically affects rod photoreceptors was studied. We developed an organ culture model of whole retinas from 5-week-old mice carrying the retinal degeneration mutation, which at this age contain few remaining rods and numerous surviving cones...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe a previously unreported manifestation of the optical Stiles-Crawford effect (oSCE) in normal eyes. METHODS In a cohort of 50 normal subjects, the directional reflectance of cones in the retinal periphery was explored by flood-illuminated adaptive optics (FIAO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS In 32 eyes (64%), off-axis FIAO im...

Small (<30 g) juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) possess retinal photoreceptor mechanisms sensitive to light in the near ultraviolet, short (blue), middle (green) and long (red) wavelengths. During normal development, the ultraviolet cone mechanism gradually disappears until, by approximately 60&shy;80 g, individuals are no longer sensitive in the ultraviolet. This shift in spectral s...

PURPOSE To examine the effect of rhodopsin mutations on cone photoreceptors in human retinas with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS Four RP retinas with rhodopsin mutations and four normal retinas were examined by immunofluorescence with a battery of cell-specific antibodies against cone and rod cytoplasmic and outer segment membrane proteins. Areas of the retinas were studied that showed ma...

In this paper, we investigate the structure of several convex cones that arise in the study of Lyapunov functions. In particular, we consider cones associated with quadratic Lyapunov functions for both linear and non-linear systems, as well as cones that arise in connection with diagonal and linear copositive Lyapunov functions for positive linear systems. In each of these cases, we present som...

In this paper, the structure of several convex cones that arise in the study of Lyapunov functions is investigated. In particular, the cones associated with quadratic Lyapunov functions for both linear and non-linear systems are considered, as well as cones that arise in connection with diagonal and linear copositive Lyapunov functions for positive linear systems. In each of these cases, some t...

Aim of study: Evaluation the agronomic performance and chemical profile four hop cultivars grown under Mediterranean conditions.Area The study was undertaken in Bragança, north-eastern Portugal.Material methods: newly introduced (‘Columbus’, ‘Cascade’ ‘Comet’) were compared with well-stablished ‘Nugget’. field experiment carried out between 2017 2019. Dry matter (DM) yield (plant cones), tissue...