Ab initio (coupled-cluster and density-functional) calculations of Gibbs reaction energies in solution, with new entropy-of-solvation damping terms, were performed for the ether-catalyzed hydroboration of alkenes. The goal was to test the accuracy of continuum-solvation models for reactions of neutral species in nonaqueous solvents, and the hope was to achieve an accuracy sufficient to address ...

With increased application of co-solvent flushing technologies for removal of nonaqueous phase liquids from groundwater aquifers, concern over the effects of the solvent on native microorganisms and their ability to degrade residual contaminant has also arisen. This study assessed the impact of ethanol flushing on the numbers and activity potentials of trichloroethylene (TCE)-degrading microbia...

Hierarchical nanostructure of gold nanoparticles via self-assembled block copolymer have been investigated on native oxide-terminated Si(111). Au-nanoparticles were prepared via simple wet chemical method by using Poly styrene-block-4-vinylpyridin (PS-b-P4VP) as stabiliser in nonaqueous solvents. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is used to characterise the size of the Aunanoparticles. How...

In metal–air batteries, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrogen (N are, apart from oxygen (O ), also present as dissolved species in the liquid electrolyte. These gases can strongly influence battery performance, they affect discharge mechanism stability of lithium metal anode. Therefore, their solubility diffusivity are important parameters, that rarely considered development electrolytes for batt...

A comparison of the use of aqueous and nonaqueous buffers in association with beta-CD for the chiral separation of (R)- and (S)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and related compounds is described. The (R)- and (S)-isomers of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its major metabolite 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) were prepared. Under aqueous and nonaqueous buffer conditions and bas...

A set of general questions about the thermodynamics of ionic processes in non—aqueous solutions and their dependence on composition and external conditions is discussed; thermodynamic approaches for ascertaining the role of a solvent, thermodynamic characteristics of solvation, methods of definition of standard thermodynamic characteristics, properties of non— aqueous solutions at lowered tempe...

Selected psychotropic drug standards have been chromatographed on RP18, CN and diol layers with a variety of aqueous and nonaqueous mobile phases. The effect of buffers at acidic or basic pH, acetic acid, ammonia and diethylamine (DEA) in aqueous mobile phases on retention, efficiency and peak symmetry was examined. Improved peak symmetry and separation selectivity for investigated compounds we...

Current trends in electrochemical studies of nonaqueous solutions are discussed with the emphasis on experimental approaches judged to be particularly promising for the future development of both fundamental and applied aspects of the field of solution chemistry. Topics include recent developments in the application of potentio— metric sensors to nonaqueous solutions, the potentialities of such...