in this article we introduce the concept of $z^circ$-filter on a topological space $x$. we study and investigate the behavior of $z^circ$-filters and compare them  with corresponding ideals, namely, $z^circ$-ideals of $c(x)$,  the ring of real-valued continuous functions on a completely regular hausdorff space $x$. it is observed that $x$ is a compact space if and only if every $z^circ$-filter ...

In this paper, we proposed a novel structure for designing all optical filter based on photonic crystal structure. In designing the proposed filter, we simply employed a point defect localized between input and output waveguides as wavelength selecting part of the filter. The initial form of this filter is capable of selecting optical waves at =1560 nm, the transmission efficiency of the filte...

Pseudo-hoops are algebraic structures introduced in [1, 2] by B. Bosbach under the name of complementary semigroups. This is a formalization of the paper [4]. Following [4] we prove some properties of pseudo-hoops and we define the basic concepts of filter and normal filter. The lattice of normal filters is isomorphic with the lattice of congruences of a pseudo-hoop. We also study some importan...

We report on a 795 nm atomic filter consisting of a stimulated Raman gain amplifier together with normal Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filtering (FADOF) at the rubidium D1 line. The filter is operated with a single transmission peak. The gain of the filter's transmission light signal is enhanced up to 85-fold compared to case operating without a stimulated Raman transition. Based on atom...

In this paper, a special preprocessing operations (filter) is proposed to decrease the effects of noise of textures. This filter using average of circular neighbor points (Cmean) to reduce noise effect. Comparing this filter with other average filters such as square mean filter and square median filter indicates that it provides more noise reduction and increases the classification accuracy...

We consider copies and constructivizations of structures in admissible sets. It is well known that in classical computable model theory (on natural numbers) these approaches are equivalent: a structure has computable (decidable) copy if and only if it is constructivizable (strongly constructivizable). However, in admissible sets the "if" part of this statement is not true in general. In the rst...

Adaptive Cumulative SUM charts (ACUSUM) have been recently proposed for providing an overall good detection over a range of mean shift sizes. The basic idea of the ACUSUM chart is to first adaptively update the reference value based on an Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) estimate and then to assign a weight on it using a certain type of weighting function. A linear weighting functio...

The aerodynamic admittance function (AAF) has been widely invoked to relate wind pressures on building surfaces to the oncoming wind velocity. In current practice, strip and quasi-steady theories are generally employed in formulating wind effects in the along-wind direction. These theories permit the representation of the wind pressures on building surfaces in terms of the oncoming wind velocit...

Based on the linear expression of the dynamics of Boolean networks, the coordinate transformation of Boolean variables is defined. It follows that the state space coordinate transformation for the dynamics of Boolean networks is revealed. Using it, the invariant subspace for a Boolean control network is defined. Then the structure of a Boolean control network is analyzed, and the controllable a...

The contact-SLAM problem is a broad class of grasping and manipulation problem and it is very important to robotic manipulation tasks, particularly when contacts are likely to be intermittent. Several researchers have developed particle filters for C-SLAM problems that estimate the state of manipulated objects, some geometric properties, and their contacts, but the effects of various designing ...