the aim of this paper is to minimize output phase noise for the pure signal synthesis in the frequency synthesizers. for this purpose, first, an exact mathematical model of phase locked loop (pll) based frequency synthesizer is described and analyzed. then, an exact closed-form formula in terms of synthesizer bandwidth and total output phase noise is extracted. based on this formula, the phase ...

Phase transitions in combinatorial problems have recently been shown [2] to be useful in locating “hard” instances of combinatorial problems. The connection between computational complexity and the existence of phase transitions has been addressed in Statistical Mechanics [2] and Artificial Intelligence [3], but not studied rigorously. We take a first step in this direction by investigating the...

terpreted as postovulatory luteal phase rather than follicular. Assuming a 2.2 mg/L positive bias with SST, our current laboratory follicular phase progesterone reference range of ,1.6 mg/L could increase to ,3.8 mg/L with SST. We recommend that all progesterone serum samples be collected in plain glass tubes until this SST interference problem is resolved. Our laboratory has notified Roche Dia...

In this article, we review the advances that have been made on the understanding of the high-pressure (HP) structural, vibrational, and electronic properties of wolframite-type oxides since the first works in the early 1990s. Mainly tungstates, which are the best known wolframites, but also tantalates and niobates, with an isomorphic ambient-pressure wolframite structure, have been included in ...

The aim of this study was to examine the reference range of blood plasma fibrinogen, which belongs to the group of moderate acute phase protein in rabbits. The experiment followed the dynamics of blood plasma fibrinogen (Fb) during the first year of life in 12 New Zealand White rabbits, 6 males and 6 females, starting at 1 month of age until the 7 month. It was shown that fibrinogen concentrati...