Osteochondral grafting for cartilage lesions is an attractive surgical procedure; however, the clinical results have not always been successful. Surgical recommendations differ with respect to donor site and graft placement technique. No clear biomechanical analysis of these surgical options has been reported. We hypothesized that differences in graft placement, graft biomechanical properties, ...

Shear stresses on a residual limb in a prosthetic socket are considered clinically to contribute to tissue breakdown in below-knee amputees. When applied simultaneously with normal stresses, they can cause injury within the skin or can generate an abrasion on the surface. To gain insight into shear stresses and parameters that affect them, interface stresses were recorded on below-knee amputee ...

Based on generalized laminate plate theory, the formulation of a one-dimensional beam finite element with layer-wise constant shear (BLCS) is presented. The linear layer-wise representation of in-plane displacements permit accurate computation of normal stresses and transverse shear stresses on each layer for laminated beams with dissimilar ply stiffnesses. The BLCS formulation is equivalent to...

Crack surfaces are usually rough on various scales, and sensitive to loading stresses hence significantly affecting the mechanical properties of cracked rocks. We design a number dry- fluid-saturated numerical samples investigate roughness influence crack elastic stiffness. The fracture surface is characterized by non-uniform radii. calculate moduli finite-element simulation. Comparisons with t...

Abiotic stresses are critical delimiters for the increased productivity and cultivation expansion of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), a root crop with worldwide importance. The increased production of glycine betaine (GB) improves plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses without strong phenotypic changes, providing a feasible approach to improve stable yield production under unfavorable condi...

Mechanical ventilation inevitably exposes the delicate tissues of the airways and alveoli to abnormal mechanical stresses that can induce pulmonary edema and exacerbate conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. The goal of our research is to characterize the cellular trauma caused by the transient abnormal fluid mechanical stresses that arise when air is forced into a liquid-occlu...

purpose: to evaluate the effect of vertical prism induced stress on binocular visual evoked potentials. methods: using checkerboard stimulus patterns in two spatial frequencies (sfs) of 0.48 cpd as a low sf and 2.18 cpd as a moderate sf reversing with temporal frequency of 4 hz, the effect of increasing visual stress using vertical prisms of 0, 1, 2 and 3 prism diopters on binocular visual evok...

Introduction: We have modified the open-source program SatStress (http://code.google.com/p/satstress), developed at the University of Colorado-Boulder and JPL [1], used for calculating the tidal stresses on a satellite that is fully differentiated into a rocky core, a global subsurface ocean, and a decoupled, ice shell. Wahr et al. (2009) [1] used gravitational potential theory to determine the...

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in both animals and plants, which has been shown to be involved in various essential developmental processes in plants. Nicotiana tabacum is considered to be an ideal model plant and has been widely used for the study of the roles of autophagy in the processes of plant development and in the response to various stresses. However, only a few aut...

Hydraulic stimulation in Enhanced Geothermal Systems is performed by injecting water at high pressure into low permeability, typically crystalline, rock. In most cases, the elevated pore pressure induces slip on preexisting fractures, resulting in an increase in permeability. This process involves interacting hydraulic, thermal, mechanical, and thermoelastic processes. It is complicated by the ...