Our main question in this paper is as follow: (Q) What are the epistemic norms governing our responses face of disagreement? In order to answer it, we begin with some clarification. First, following McHugh (2012), if employ a useful distinction normativity theory between evaluative and prescriptive norms, there two readings (Q)––we explore such section 2. And secondly, accept gnosticism, that i...

Scholars have long celebrated the importance of norms in corporate law. Indeed, norms likely guide corporate actors more than the omnipresent threat of shareholder suits. This Article divides corporate norms into two distinct groups: aspirational norms and arbiter norms. Aspirational norms announce socially desirable objectives for corporate managers and encourage certain disclosure practices; ...

Social norms and customs shape many economic decisions, but they have not always been at the forefront of economic analysis. Indeed, social influences were more prominently acknowledged by the founders of the discipline than by neoclassical theorists of the last century. J.S. Mill, for example, argued that custom was a potent force in setting the terms of contracts and also the wages paid to la...

In the psychology of thinking, little thought is given to what constitutes good thinking. Instead, normative solutions to problems have been accepted at face value, thereby determining what counts as a reasoning fallacy. I applaud Vranas (Cognition 76 (2000) 179) for thinking seriously about norms. I do, however, disagree with his attempt to provide post hoc justifications for supposed reasonin...

Norms have been used in multiagent systems as a standard description of agents’ behaviors. Much effort has been put in formalizing norms and utilizing them in agent decision making with such work often focusing on two types of norms: prohibitions and obligations. However, agents may have incomplete knowledge about norms in a system for several reasons, such as, deficient norms identification te...

Social norms are implicit codes of conduct that provide a guide to appropriate action. There is ample evidence that social norms about eating have a powerful effect on both food choice and amounts consumed. This review explores the reasons why people follow social eating norms and the factors that moderate norm following. It is proposed that eating norms are followed because they provide inform...