aim : the aim of this study is to evaluate the polymorphism in bax gene and its association with some clinical pathology traits in gastric cancer.   background : gastric cancer is considered as the fourth most common cancer in the north and northwest of iran. bcl2 family has a key role in regulation of apoptosis, and any changes in the expression of bcl2 lead to cancer. patients and methods : b...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Northern Ireland has the highest standardised mortality ratios for colon cancer in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland has some of the highest mortality rates for cancer in the world. The aim of the study therefore was to investigate trends in colorectal cancer in the north and south of Ireland over the period 1950 to 1984. DESIGN The study was a cohort analysis of ...

A population of Channa argus (Northern Snakehead) has been established in the Potomac River catchment, VA and MD, for approximately ten years, and is increasing rapidly in abundance. Little is known about life-history strategies of this species in North American environments. We report the fi rst discovery of a Northern Snakehead nest in North America and discuss some of its nesting habits. Adu...

Introduced over 200 yr ago to the east coast of North America, Carcinus maenas now ranges from New York to Newfoundland. In the 1980s, a secondary invasion of European lineages, termed northern haplotypes, occurred in Nova Scotia. Young-of-the-year sampled in 2007 revealed that northern haplotypes were present in low frequencies at several northwestern Atlantic sites as far south as New York; a...

Neodymium isotope ratios in the authigenic ferromanganese oxide component in a southeastern Atlantic core reveal a history of the global overturning circulation intensity through the last deglaciation. From a minimum during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) began to strengthen between 18 and 17 kyr cal. BP, approximately 2000–3000 years before the Bølling warming....

Although continental populations of avian influenza viruses are genetically distinct, transcontinental reassortment in low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses has been detected in migratory birds. Thus, genomic analyses of LPAI viruses could serve as an approach to prioritize species and regions targeted by North American surveillance activities for foreign origin highly pathogenic avian ...

1. introduction the effect of climate of the earth's surface is the result of interaction of different levels of atmosphere and lithosphere. one of the factors which influences that interaction is the way the system pressure transcends it. in this way, the system pressure changes and can be changed and eventually may become an environmental hazard and geomorphodynamic phenomenon. hazards are an...

introduction: spatial variation of soil properties is significantly influenced by numerous environmental factors such as landscape features, including position, topography, slope gradient and aspect, parent material, climate and vegetation. soil properties vary spatially in south- and north-facing hill slopes. this factor (different slope aspects) can affect the distribution of soil organic mat...

The Tropical Niche Conservatism hypothesis is a leading explanation for why biodiversity increases towards the equator. The model suggests that most lineages have tropical origins, with few dispersing into temperate regions. However, biotas are comprised of lineages with differing geographical origins, thus it is unclear whether lineages that originated on different continents will exhibit simi...

Climatic signals were extracted from ring-width chronologies of Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) from natural stands of the northern, middle, and southern parts of the boreal forest belt in Finland. The strength of the common growth signals (forcing factors) were quantifi ed as a function of time. This was achieved by mean inter-series correlations, calculated over a moving 30-year window, bot...