We present NPP – a new framework for online routing of bandwidth guaranteed paths with local restoration. NPP relies on the propagation of only aggregate link usage information [2,9] through routing protocols. The key advantage of NPP is that it delivers the bandwidth sharing performance achieved by propagating complete per path link usage information [9], while incurring significantly reduced ...

Integrating conceptually similar models of the growth of marine and terrestrial primary producers yielded an estimated global net primary production (NPP) of 104.9 petagrams of carbon per year, with roughly equal contributions from land and oceans. Approaches based on satellite indices of absorbed solar radiation indicate marked heterogeneity in NPP for both land and oceans, reflecting the infl...

Eleven years data set of global net primary production (NPP) and long-term climatic and land use data were used to explore the patterns of inter-annual variability of terrestrial NPP in relation to potential causal factors. Global anomalies in temperature, precipitation and cloud cover were found to significantly contribute in different ways and magnitudes to the variability of NPP of global ec...

Indian landmass with 1.45% of the world’s total geographical area accounts for approximately 2.7–5.5% to the global NPP estimates with agriculture contributing to more than sixty percent. This paper reports the spatio-temporal pattern of agricultural NPP in India using SPOT VGT 10-day composite NPP product for 2002-03 to 2004-05 agricultural years. Detailed analysis was carried out for the Indo...

The nighttime light data records artificial light on the Earth’s surface and can be used to estimate the spatial distribution of the gross domestic product (GDP) and the electric power consumption (EPC). In early 2013, the first global NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data were released by the Earth Observation Group of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Geophysical Data Center...

Functional separation of the two signals involved in stimulating immunological responses was achieved through the judicious use of two natural bacterial antigens. Native protoplasmic polysaccharide (NPP) extracted from Escherichia coli was immunochemically identical to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from the same organism. However, NPP was not endotoxic, not mitogenic, did not fix compl...

Service-oriented architecture supports data and model sharing and interoperability. The concept of such a service-oriented and distributed architecture is applied to build and integrate web-based service models of ecological resources quantitative measurement. The paper is to develop and integrate a GI web service by using an algorithm that calculates net primary productivity of terrestrial veg...

Two trials of similar design were conducted to determine the nonphytate phosphorus (NPP) requirements for broilers from 42 to 63 d of age in diets with or without phytase supplementation. Male broilers of a commercial strain were grown to 42 d on nutritionally complete diets with NRC (1994) recommended levels of Ca and NPP. At 42 d, the birds were placed on experimental diets and fed to 63 d. T...

Local topography significantly affects spatial variations of climatic variables and soil water movement in complex terrain. Therefore, the distribution and productivity of ecosystems are closely linked to topography. Using a coupled terrestrial carbon and hydrological model (BEPS-TerrainLab model), the topographic effects on the net primary productivity (NPP) are analyzed through four modelling...

Biomass and net primary productivity (NPP) are important factors for studying terrestrial carbon storage and the carbon cycle. Using data from existing literature, this study synthesized and analyzed a comprehensive database of direct field observations of forest biomass and NPP for Southwestern China. The biomass of mature natural forests and mature planted forests range from 81.2 Mg ̈ha ́1 to 6...