Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 2 (NS2) is a hydrophobic, transmembrane protein that is required not only for NS2-NS3 cleavage, but also for infectious virus production. To identify cellular factors that interact with NS2 and are important for HCV propagation, we screened a human liver cDNA library by split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid assay using full-length NS2 as a bait,...

The hepatitis C virus NS2/3 protein is a highly hydrophobic protease responsible for the cleavage of the viral polypeptide between non-structural proteins NS2 and NS3. However, many aspects of the NS2/3 protease's role in the viral life cycle and mechanism of action remain unknown. Based on the recently elucidated crystal structure of NS2, NS2/3 has been proposed to function as a cysteine prote...

There is little understanding of mechanisms underlying the assembly and release of infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) from cultured cells. Cells transfected with synthetic genomic RNA from a unique genotype 2a virus (JFH1) produce high titers of virus, while virus yields are much lower with a prototype genotype 1a RNA containing multiple cell culture-adaptive mutations (H77S). To characterize t...

When simulating a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), it is important to use a realistic mobility model to reflect the actual performance of a mobile system. The spatial distribution of node locations in a mobile model plays a key role when investigating the characteristics of a MANET. However, most existing mobility models with random and simple straight line movement lead to unrealistic scenarios ...

In Wireless networks, nodes can communicate through base stations. In this scenario, the communication process takes more time to complete. To reduce this delay time, a Mobile Ad hoc Network is introduced. A Mobile ad hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructure less network. In this, each node acts as a base station and is responsible for dynamically discovering other nodes it can directly communi...

A wireless ad-hoc network is a temporary network set up by wireless mobile nodes moving arbitrary in the place that have no network infrastructure. Basically Wireless or mobile networks are evolved to replace the wired networks from traditional scenario to new paradigm. The mobile ad hoc networks are purely infrastructure less network. Due to this vulnerabilities of the network are unprotected ...

Mobile access to the Internet is becoming extremely popular because users depend on the Internet for many activities in their daily routine. Satellites are well suited for mobile Internet applications because of their ability to enhance coverage and support long-range mobility. Satellites are an attractive alternative for mobile (pedestrian and, more importantly, vehicular) access to the Intern...

In this paper we propose a new single-rate multicast congestion control scheme named Adaptive Smooth Multicast Protocol (ASMP), for multimedia transmission over best-effort networks. The smoothness lays in the calculation and adaptation of the transmission rate, which is based on dynamic estimations of protocols’ parameters and dynamic adjustment of the ‘smoothness factor’, as well. ASMP key at...

A phosphorylated, nonstructural protein of bluetongue virus, NS2, is synthesized throughout the replication cycle in comparatively large amounts. The protein was detected in both the soluble and particulate fraction of the cytoplasm of infected cells. The particulate NS2 could be solubilized in 0.5 M NaCl. It was found that NS2 in the particulate fraction and immunoprecipitates of NS2 from the ...

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) by contrast of other networks have more vulnerability because of having nature properties such as dynamic topology and no infrastructure. Therefore, a considerable challenge for these networks, is a method expansion that to be able to specify anomalies with high accuracy at network dynamic topology alternation. In this paper, two methods proposed for dynamic anom...