Material volumes and material particles 2 Laws for material particles 3 Mass conservation 3 Newton’s law of (non-relativistic) linear motion 3 Newton’s law applied to angular momentum 4 First law of thermodynamics 4 Second law of thermodynamics 4 Laws for finite material volumes 5 Mass conservation 5 Motion (linear momentum) 5 Motion (angular momentum) 6 First law of thermodynamics 6 Second law...

Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Aki Kutvonen Name of the doctoral dissertation Non-Markovian environments and information exchange in stochastic thermodynamics Publisher School of Science Unit Department of Applied Physics Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 15/2016 Field of research Theoretical and Computational Physics Manuscr...

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Thermodynamics is a physical branch of science that governs the thermal behavior of dynamical systems from those as simple as refrigerators to those as complex as our expanding universe. The laws of thermodynamics involving conservation of energy and nonconservation of entropy are, without a doubt, two of the most useful and general laws in all sciences. The first law of thermodynamics, accordi...

Density functional theory methods(DFT) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis were used to investigate the effects of isomerism and side chain mutation at a microscopic level on the stability, binding energy and NMR/NQR tensors of structural isomers, L- methionylasparagine (Met-Asn) and L- asparagylmethionine (Asn-Met) in the gas phase. The results represented that the isomerism and side chain...

The phenomenology of quantum phase transitions concerns physics at low temperatures and energies, corresponding solid-state experiments often reach millikelvin temperatures. However, this is a scale where in many solids the influence nuclear spins their hyperfine interaction no longer negligible. This may limit observability electronic critical phenomena. Here we discuss how continuous magnetic...