Stability of underground structures is assessed by comparing rock strength with induced stresses resulted from ground stresses. Rock mass surrounding the opening may fail either by fracture or excessive deformation caused. Accurate calculation of induced stresses is therefore fundamental in the stability analysis of an opening. Although numerical methods, particularly finite element method, are...

This paper presents a 3D model for pricing defaultable bonds with embedded call options. The pricing model incorporates three essential ingredients in the pricing of defaultable bonds: stochastic interest rate, stochastic default risk, and call provision. Both the stochastic interest rate and the stochastic default risk are modeled as a square-root diffusion process. The default risk process is...

Three-dimensional fluid flow around two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement is computed by the finite difference method without a turbulence model. The overlapped grid technique is employed to catch the flow interference between the two tandem cylinders. It is confirmed that the abrupt numerical change of drag coefficients and the Strouhal number is in good agreement with the previous expe...

Flow liquefaction, which is characterized by sudden collapse following the unstable behavior of saturated loose sand, may lead to most catastrophic consequence all liquefaction-related phenomena. This note presents a systematic experimental investigation into flow liquefaction potential sand under various initial and cyclic shear conditions. The responses are compared with monotonic results an ...

 In pavement design, the CBR and direct shear tests are two very common laboratory investigations for predicting the strength of a subgrade layer. The relationship between the CBR and water content has been commonly presented in analyses, with the result of the direct shear being expressed from the aspect of effective cohesion and the internal friction angle. Even though most natural soil is in...