Paradoxical breathing or “paradoxical inward rib cage movements” without frank sleep apnea is a clinical description of the “upper airway resistance syndrome”. Upper airway resistance syndrome is thought to be a distinct entity and not just a part of the continuum of obstructive sleep apnea; paradoxical breathing in children appears to be a separate entity from the classic patient with marked a...

There is a recognized association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and metabolic syndrome, designated syndrome Z. The criteria for metabolic syndrome include at least three of the following factors: central obesity (waist circumference ≥ 102 cm for males and ≥ 88 cm for females); triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL; HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dL for males and < 50 mg/dL for females; arterial blood p...

In this experiment, 97 patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome were divided into three groups (mild, moderate, severe) according to minimum oxygen saturation, and 35 healthy subjects were examined as controls. Cognitive function was determined using the mismatch negativity paradigm and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The results revealed that as the disease worsened, the mism...

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is char­ acterized by repeated partial or complete collapse of the pharynx during sleep, which results in apnea or hypopnea, associated with oxygen desaturation and arousal from sleep. OSAS is associated with meta­ bolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and neu­ ropsychological sequelae. In addition, traffic and work-related accidents are frequently att...

data extraction primary outcomes were incidence, prevalence, or odds ratio of having osteoporosis, defined as bone mineral density t-score < -2.5 sd. results of 353 articles, 344 articles were excluded, 9 underwent full-length review and data were extracted from 7 studies consisting of 113,558 patients. finally, 3 extracted studies were included in the meta-analysis of osteoporosis. among cohor...

background and objective: higher concentration of systemic inflammatory markers is reported in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (osa). levels of inflammatory markers may be associated with severity of osa. objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between level of inflammation markers and osa severity. materials and methods: fifty six patients with symptoms and signs of osa f...

obstructive sleep apnea (osa) together with metabolic disorders is common in severely obese patients. weight reduction is considered as a treatment modality in these cases while few of them can succeed in considerable weight loss. here, we present a severely obese man with body mass index of 54 suffered from osa, type 2 diabetes, hypothyroidism, and hypertension. he intentionally lost 80 kilogr...

background and objective: numerous anatomical abnormalities or pathological conditions can cause upper airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (osas). muller’s maneuver (mm) is one of diagnostic modalities investigating the obstruction site in patients with osas. this study aimed to investigate the obstruction sites of patients with osas based on mm. materials and methods: this w...

Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) was originally used in patients with acute respiratory compromises or exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases as an alternative to intubation. Over the last thirty years NIV has been used during the night in patients with stable chronic lung diseases such as obstructive sleep apnea, the overlap syndrome (COPD and obstructive sleep apnea), neuromus...