Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of chronic neurodegenerative disorders characterized by relatively selective, progressive damage to the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, which leads axon loss visual field alterations. To date, many studies have shown role various elements, mainly metals, in maintaining balance prooxidative antioxidative processes, regulation fluid ion flow throug...

Duane Syndrome is a rare disorder, also known as Stilling-Turk-Duane Syndrome, which can produce form of congenital strabismus, most often sporadic, presented by autosomal dominant inheritance, leading to difficulties in ocular motility due alterations or failures the innervation lateral rectus muscle innervated Vl cranial nerve. On this occasion, limitation absence abduction, retraction eyebal...

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a complex, chronic, systemic, autoimmune disease that mainly affects the exocrine glands, especially the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to dryness of the oral and ocular mucosae. Several factors have been studied that could explain the glandular hypofunction primarily related to water transport. Recent reports have shown alterations in secretory route and traff...

Background: Tolmetin (Tol) is a pyrrole acetic acid derivative that acts as a highly effective topical anti-inflammatory agent. Topical administration of Tol is effective for the management of ocular inflammations.The aim of this study was to formulate and improve a topical ophthalmic delivery system of Tol. Materials and methods: In the present study, ocular inserts of Tol were prepared using ...

Background: Behcet syndrome is a recurrent inflammatory disorder that frequently involves the ocular system. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of ocular involvement in cases of Behcet's disease in Babol, north of Iran. Methods: From April 2003 to December 2009, 100 cases of behcet's disease who were admitted at the Department of Ophthalmology and Internal Medicine of Babo...

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a malignant hematopoietic neoplasia, which is rare in adults. Although ocular fundus alterations may be commonly observed in the course of the disease, such alterations are rarely the presenting signs of the disease. Here we describe the case of a patient with painless and progressive loss of visual acuity (right eye, 2/10; left eye, 3/10) developing over two wee...

Dear Sir, May I take advantage of this section in the S.E.O. journal to encourage our colleagues to utilize lab tests for a better and faster diagnosis of ocular surface diseases. In most patients it is enough to perform a clinical study with slit lamp and perform a few clinical tests, but in some cases diagnostic needs call for special laboratory tests, the execution of which does not require ...

Ocular motor defi cits are common clinical manifestations of neurological emergencies, with third (oculomotor) and sixth (abducens) paresis among the most frequent. This chapter focuses on recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of these cranial neuropathies in true neurological emergencies that carry a high risk of major morbidity or mortality if left undiagnosed. Emergencies discussed include a...

Methods Retrospective observational consecutive case series of 78 LT recipients, observed by one ophthalmologist (FN) between January 2007 and July 2015. Demographic data, age at beginning of disease, period of evolution of disease, ophthalmological alterations and ocular surgeries (glaucoma surgery and vitrectomy) were evaluated. Patients were divided in three groups according to date of LT: l...