Projected anthropogenic warming and increases in CO2 concentration present a twofold threat, both from climate changes and from CO2 directly through increasing the acidity of the oceans. Future climate change may be reduced through mitigation (reductions in greenhouse gas emissions) or through geoengineering. Most geoengineering approaches, however, do not address the problem of increasing ocea...

This paper presents a novel design of a ring oscillator (RO) producing eight phases output with accurate signal phase adjustment. By using the pulse injection technique, the RO phase noise has been strongly suppressed. In addition, a novel phase control technique is proposed for the implementation of the phase modulation. The proposed RO achieves a phase noise of -131.5 dBc/Hz @1MHz offset and ...

In this work we present a detailed study of the phase noise of subharmonic injection locked oscillators (s-ILOs). A new simple and efficient model has been presented for accurately predicting the phase noise of a microwave s-ILO. The validity of the analytical technique is verified with measurement results obtained from a 5-GHz fully differential Colpitts-based s-ILO. The results showed that a ...

Unlike analog calibration, digital calibration alone does not correct or create analog decision levels. Therefore, the uncalibrated ADC must provide decision levels spaced no greater than lLSB at the intended resolution. In lb/stage pipeline ADCs with nominal gain of 2, missing decision levels result when the input of any stage exceeds full scale due to capacitor mismatch, capacitor non-lineari...

We present a methodology to reduce the charge injection noise for an offset-free comparator, so as to achieve a higher resolution. Our method incorporates an algorithm that automatically searches for the optimal transistor sizes of a switch in the comparator. The values of this methodology are in two aspects. First of all, it takes away from designers the burden of sizing the transistors. Secon...

We report a novel quantum dot based laser design where a stable high-Q master laser is used to injection lock a passively mode-locked monolithic colliding pulse slave laser. Coupling between the crossed orthogonal laser cavities is achieved through a common monolithically integrated saturable absorber, which results in the locking and hence reduction of the timing jitter as well as the long-ter...

The timeand ensemble-averaged mechanical energy outputs of radio galaxies may be large enough to offset much of the cooling inferred from X-ray observations of galaxy clusters. But does this heating actually counterbalance the cooling, diminishing cooling flows or quenching them altogether? I will argue that energy injection by radio galaxies may be important even in clusters where no active so...

The beam position monitors (BPMs) are the main diagnostic in the Los Alamos Proton Storage Ring (PSR). They are used in several applications during operations and tuning including orbit bumps and measurements of the tune, closed orbit (CO), and injection offset. However, the BPM data acquisition system makes use of older technologies, such as matrix switches, that could lead to faulty measureme...

In this article, the equivalent relationship between nearest-three-virtual space vector and carrier-based pulsewidth-modulation scheme is established based on coordinate for a three-level neutral-point-clamped (3L-NPC) converter. Moreover, to solve neutral-point voltage imbalance problem of studied 3L-NPC converter-fed high-speed drives, an active modulation strategy with generalized bias-offse...

<p>This paper considers the contribution of hot electrons to resistive switching sputter-deposited silicon oxide films based on experiments together with semi-2D Monte Carlo simulations. Using various device stack structures, this examines impact hot-electron injection switching, where conduction-band offset and fermi-level difference are utilized. Support is found for predictions that re...