Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are genotoxic chemicals commonly found in effluents from oil refineries. Bioassays using plants and cells cultures can be employed for assessing environmental safety and potential genotoxicity. In this study, the genotoxic potential of an oil refinery effluent was analyzed by means of micronucleus (MN) testing of Alium cepa, which revealed no effect after...

The rising global demand for palm oil and its associated products has led to increased numbers of palm oil refineries with its attendant effluent discharge. Many researches have confirmed the ecological disruptive potentiality of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), still further attention has to be directed at POME’s potential genotoxicity. The present study has made physico-chemical and genotoxicit...

Background: Combustion of fossil fuels contributes to sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. To deal with this issue, the government of Iran has appointed the oil refineries to upgrade their installations and produce high quality fuels. Thus, this study investigated the status of SO2 emissions in Iran and the capability of advanced technologies to control SO2 emissions. Methods: The status of SO2 em...

Ninety nine electrostatic accidents were reviewed, based on information collected from published literature. All the accidents over the last 30 years occurred during the process of oil-gas storage and transportation. Statistical analysis of these accidents was performed based on the type of complex conditions where accidents occurred, type of tanks and contents, and type of accidents. It is sho...

An industrial furnace with multiple parallel passes and multiple burners is commonly used in petroleum refineries to heat the preprocessed crude oil to a specific temperature. Due to that maintaining multiple outlet temperatures of such parallel passes equal is significant for improving product quality, plant safety, and economic efficiency, etc., great efforts have been taken to control such t...

In an earlier workshop paper [HMWH95], we set out a number of issues we regarded as important in VR system design. Some of these were investigated in the AVIARY system [WHH+93, SW94], and work on these is continuing. In 1993 we began a collaborative project with CADCentre Ltd in Cambridge, to explore the potential of VR systems for the design of very large-scale process plants – structures such...

The health risk resulting from benzene exposure in petroleum refineries was calculated using data from the scientific literature from various countries throughout the world. The exposure data was collated into four scenarios from petroleum refinery environments and plotted as cumulative probability distributions (CPD) plots. Health risk was evaluated for each scenario using the Hazard Quotient ...

Several applications have been proposed for Wireless sensor networks, including habitat monitoring, structural health monitoring, pipeline monitoring, precision agriculture, active volcano monitoring, and many more. The energy consumption of these applications is a critical feasibility metrics that defines the scope and usefulness of wireless sensor networks. This paper provides a comprehensive...