abstract oil export revenues have a major share in both iranian government incomes and gross domestic product (gdp). with regard to the importance of agricultural sector in economic growth, rural development and rural welfare improvement, this sector indubitably influenced by temporary and unexpected shocks in oil export. therefore we employed feder(1982) and auto-regressive distributed lag (ar...

Received Jan 1, 2018 Revised Mar 15, 2018 Accepted Mar 29, 2018 Disease in palm oil sector is one of the major concerns because it affects the production and economy losses to Malaysia. Diseases appear as spots on the leaf and if not treated on time, cause the growth of the palm oil tree. This work presents the use of digital image processing technique for classification oil palm leaf disease s...

Bahrain is a very small oil-exporting country in the Middle East with a fixed exchange rate against the US dollar and has no restricton capital flows. Because its economy evolves around the oil sector, its economy is thought to be vulnerable to oil price movements. It is feared that the recent oil price hike would feed from foreign assets to monetary base and money supply to inflation. Empirica...

The distribution of thermophilic marine sulfate reducers in produced oil reservoir waters from the Gullfaks oil field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea was investigated by using enrichment cultures and genus-specific fluorescent antibodies produced against the genera Archaeoglobus, Desulfotomaculum, and Thermodesulforhabdus. The thermophilic marine sulfate reducers in this environment co...

Issue The ter m ”Dutch Disease” originally referred to the adverse effects of the large North Sea natural gas discoveries on the Dutch manufacturing sector and economic growth. Dutch Disease is now an economic term that refers to the general ef fects of a commodity export boom on an economy. The booming sector drives up the cost of labour and other non-tradable inputs, which makes other tradabl...

eiarnination the oil market and review the major oil importer countries, is a major need for guidance and marketing strategy for crude oil exporting countries. so that estimating the oil demand for importer countries and analysis the effective factors on their oil demand, can be an important factor in planning and policy making for oil exporting countries in order to sell oil. so iran is not an...

Gas injection into heavy oil reservoirs could result in high ultimate recovery of oil. Experimental studies showed that an application of a combined technology of Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) and Vapor Extraction (VAPEX) could increase final oil recovery of a candidate viscous oil reservoir. In this paper the results of laboratory investigation are presented, including Pressure-Volu...

olive mill by-products could be composted and applied to olive orchard soils. these practices solve the problem of these wastes disposal and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers. therefore, the aims of this research were: (i) proposing ‘on-farm’ composting process of different olive mill waste mixtures; (ii) investigating the chemical, physical, and microbiological characteristics of produc...

To inform future R&D strategies for sustainable development pathways for the SAT Introduction Groundnuts are a major source of edible oils in India. One of the central problems of groundnut production and processing sectors are huge inefficiencies due to uncertain production environment owing to rainfed cultivation, less resource base of smallholder farmers and processors, and low adoption rate...