Water saturation and cation exchange capacity are the most significant parameters used to calculate a hydrocarbon zone potential. In clean formations, by applying the famous Archie model, which assumes that in the formation the only electric conductor is the formation water, the water saturation can be calculated. Additionally, in shaly sand formations this assumption may not be true as the ion...

estuaries are considered as highly dynamic ecosystem that include the mixing or transition zone between river freshwater and saline water from oceans and seas. estuaries are very important aquatic systems by preserving the coastal biota. flocculation of metals during mixing of freshwater with saline water can be considered as the most important estuarine processes. due to flocculation process, ...

Deep groundwater aquifers are poorly characterized but could yield important sources of water in California and elsewhere. Deep aquifers have been developed for oil and gas extraction, and this activity has created both valuable data and risks to groundwater quality. Assessing groundwater quantity and quality requires baseline data and a monitoring framework for evaluating impacts. We analyze 9...

[1] The ‘‘transition zone water filter’’ model of mantle convection attempts to reconcile geochemical evidence for isolated mantle reservoirs with geophysical evidence for whole mantle circulation by decoupling incompatible elements from bulk mantle circulation via a melt layer above the 410 km discontinuity. This would result in a stratified heating distribution similar to layered convection m...

2014 We first deduce the rigidity coefficient K of a surfactant monolayer at the oil water interface from ellipsometric measurements. For our surfactant monolayer containing alcohol, we find unusually small values of K (K ~ kB T). We then study the oil microemulsion and water microemulsion interfaces, covered with the same film. On the microemulsion side of the film we find a perturbed zone, th...

CDOG (Clarkson Deepwater Oil and Gas) model simulates the behavior of oil and gas released from deepwater. The model integrates the hydrodynamics of the jet/plume, the thermodynamics, and the hydrate formation and decomposition. CDOG simulates both the dynamics of the jet/plume phase and the farfield conditions during the rise of oil/gas/hydrates through the water column. CDOG allows gas/hydrat...

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill occurred in spring and summer 2010 in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Research cruises in 2010 (approximately 2-3 months after the well had been capped), 2011, and 2014 were conducted to determine the initial and subsequent effects of the oil spill on deep-sea soft-bottom infauna. A total of 34 stations were sampled from two zones: 20 stations in the "impact" zone v...

We developed and tested a theoretical model for the attachment of fluid-infused porous supra-particles to a fluid-liquid interface. We considered the wetting behaviour of agglomerated clusters of particles, typical of powdered materials dispersed in a liquid, as well as of the adsorption of liquid-infused colloidosomes at the liquid-fluid interface. The free energy of attachment of a composite ...

In order to explore the rules between gravity anomalies and oil-gas distribution characteristics in central western Sichuan Basin, we divided tectonic unit basin on base of analysis anomaly characteristics, studied correlation oil–gas local study area. The results show that variation range Bouguer field interior is relatively small, southern part shows a clear high zone, with gradual gradient z...

Based on past spills, the conditions under which floating oil mixes with enough sand to form sunken mats (SOMs) are identified. SOMs mostly during spills of heavy crudes or fuel oils, but also highly weathered and viscous crude oils. They usually when both suspended in water column by breaking waves erosion heavily oiled from beach. The oil–sand mixture needs an area nearshore where it can accu...