New palm oil mill processes are characterized by advanced oil separation technologies with zero dilution water (‘ECO-D’ for example as a new system for oil recovery without dilution water) and continuous sterilization of the fresh fruit bunch (FFB). These processes have a deep impact on the amount and composition of waste water (POME). Compared to conventional palm oil mills the total amount of...

background: developing cities like khulna, the third largest metropolitan city in bangladesh, have now begun to confess the environmental and public health risks associated with uncontrolled dumping of solid wastes mainly due to the active participation of non-governmental organizations (ngos) and community-based organizations (cbos) in municipal solid waste (msw) management. methods: a survey ...

This paper describes the application of life cycle assessment for evaluating various waste management options in Singapore, a small-island city state. The impact assessment method by SimaPro is carried out for comparing the potential environmental impacts of waste treatment options including landfilling, incineration, recycling, and composting. The inventory data include gases and leachate from...

the exponential growth of urbanization leads to increase in severity of environmental problemsespecially assonated with disposal of solid waste. with considering the increasing rate of solid waste generation in urban area, the problem of availability of space required to dispose it off is become a concern for planners and administrators of urban local bodies (ulb). in order to cope up with the ...

Organic matter transformation using chemical and spectroscopic methods was studied for composting of four carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio waste combinations (C/N 16, C/N 22, C/N 30 and C/N 38) of grass cuttings, mix vegetable waste, cattle manure, food waste and sawdust. Temperature, moisture content, ash content, total organic matter, C/N ratio and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentration...

Small scale co-composting of faecal matter from dry toilet systems with shredded plant material and food waste was investigated in respect to heat development and deactivation of faecal indicators under tropical semiarid conditions. Open (uncovered) co-composting of faecal matter with shredded plant material alone did not generate temperatures high enough (<55 degrees C) to reduce the indicator...

Traditional three-domain fungal and bacterial laccases have been extensively studied for their significance in various biotechnological applications. Growing molecular evidence points to a wide occurrence of more recently recognized two-domain laccase-like multicopper oxidase (LMCO) genes in Streptomyces spp. However, the current knowledge about their ecological role and distribution in natural...

In order to utilize the lactic fermentation residue obtained from kitchen waste, composting was carried out with such residue and sawdust. Compound microbial preparations (CMPs) were added into the system to test feasibility to facilitate the composting process. The changes of physicochemical properties and microbiological index were investigated during composting with lactic acid fermentation ...