Despite recent advances in both surgery and chemoradiotherapy, mortality rates for advanced cancer remain high. There is a pressing need for novel therapeutic strategies; one option is systemic oncolytic viral therapy. Intravenous administration affords the opportunity to treat both the primary tumour and any metastatic deposits simultaneously. Data from clinical trials have shown that oncolyti...

Oncolytic viruses are multifunctional anticancer agents with huge clinical potential, and have recently passed the randomized Phase III clinical trial hurdle. Both wild-type and engineered viruses have been selected for targeting of specific cancers, to elicit cytotoxicity, and also to generate antitumor immunity. Single-agent oncolytic virotherapy treatments have resulted in modest effects in ...

For safe and effective gene therapy, targeted tissue-restricted transgene expression is desirable. Various methods have been developed to achieve such expression, including the use of tissue-specific promoters. In addition to these approaches, a new system which can regulate transgene expression, including viral gene expression, by exploiting microRNAs (miRNAs) has recently been developed. miRN...

UNLABELLED Cancer cells are susceptible to oncolytic viruses, albeit variably. Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are widely used oncolytic agents that have been engineered to produce progeny within the tumor and elicit bystander effects. We searched for host factors enhancing bystander effects and conducted a targeted RNA interference screen against guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) of small ...

Abstract Oncolytic viruses are considered part of immunotherapy and have shown promise in preclinical experiments clinical trials a small fraction patients. To improve the response rate, it is necessary to reshape tumor microenvironment that shields from immune system patient. We engineered Delta-24-RGDOX (DNX-2440), an oncolytic adenovirus express T-cell activator OX40L, which triggered, murin...

Tumor-initiating cells (TIC) are critical yet evasive targets for the development of more effective antitumoral strategies. The cell surface marker CD133 is frequently used to identify TICs of various tumor entities, including hepatocellular cancer and glioblastoma. Here, we describe oncolytic measles viruses (MV) retargeted to CD133. The viruses, termed MV-141.7 and MV-AC133, infected and sele...

The oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) that has been approved for clinical practice and those HSVs in clinical trials are attenuated viruses, often with the neurovirulence gene γ134.5 and additional genes deleted. One strategy to engineer nonattenuated oncolytic HSVs consists of retargeting the viral tropism to a cancer-specific receptor of choice, exemplified by HER2 (human epidermal growth ...

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially infect and kill cancer cells. Additionally, OV-induced immune responses subvert cancer-associated immunosuppression and promote antitumor immunity. We have recently demonstrated that the complementation of oncolytic virotherapy with gemcitabine accentuates its immunostimulatory effects, hence exerting superior antineoplastic activity.