This paper is mainly concerned with the classical KKT reformulation and the primal KKT reformulation (also known as an optimization problem with generalized equation constraint (OPEC)) of the optimistic bilevel optimization problem. A generalization of the MFCQ to an optimization problem with operator constraint is applied to each of these reformulations; hence leading to new constraint qualifi...

the organization of the petroleum exporting countries (opec) has a key role in making universal political and economic decisions regarding petroleum. therefore, it seems highly important to assess the opec member’s degree of concentration and its monopoly.  this research, aims to assess and classify the concentration of petroleum export in the opec countries during the 1997-2011 period by the h...

analyzing free riding problem through static games considering homogenous players has been resulted in choosing the free riding strategy as a dominant strategy for the players. in this paper free riding is analyzed through cooperation game imposing non-homogenous players using network models. players would be differentiated by their links with their neighbors in the game. evolutionary game theo...