Polystrate fossils are one of numerous evidences for the rapid deposition of strata, as opposed to the uniformitarian belief in slow deposition over millions of years. They are briefly described from the Joggins Formation, Nova Scotia; Yellowstone National Park, Montana and Wyoming; Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park, Washington; the Geodetic Hills of Axel Heiberg Island; the Lompoc diatomite, ...

production planning of an open-pit mine is a procedure during which the rock blocks are assigned to different production periods in a way that leads to the highest net present value (npv) subject to some operational and technical constraints. this process becomes much more complicated by incorporation of the uncertainty existing in the input parameters. the commodity price uncertainty is among ...

Production planning of an open-pit mine is a procedure during which the rock blocks are assigned to different production periods in a way that leads to the highest net present value (NPV) subject to some operational and technical constraints. This process becomes much more complicated by incorporation of the uncertainty existing in the input parameters. The commodity price uncertainty is among ...

One of the key issues in mining is the hauling system. Truck and shovels are the most widely used transportation equipment in mines. In this paper, a two-phase simulation-based optimization is presented to maximize utilization of hauling system in the largest Iranian open-pit copper mine. In the first phase, The OptQuest for Arena software package was used to solve the optimization problem to p...

A longwall water jet mining machine called the Hydrominer has been developed at the University of Missouri-Rolla under a Bureau of Mines contract. The first design, referred to as Hydrominer One, has been extensively tested in an open pit mine and has clearly demonstrated that the working principle is viable. The second and greatly improved version, Hydrominer Two, has been built but has not as...

Illegal gold mining is on the rise in tropical Andes. The Santiago-Cayapas watershed located north of Pacific basin Ecuador, Chocó biogeographical region. It recognized for its high biodiversity, as 62 fish species have been described area, and because it contains two largest protected areas coast Ecuador: mangroves Cayapas Mataje Rivers Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve. Open-pit has area s...

Based on canonical correlation analysis the iteratively re-weighted multivariate alteration detection (MAD) method is used to successfully perform unsupervised change detection in bi-temporal Landsat ETM+ images covering an area with villages, woods, agricultural fields and open pit mines in North RhineWestphalia, Germany. A link to an example with ASTER data to detect change with the same meth...