In this paper, we introduce the concept of linear v{C}ech closure spaces and establish the properties of open sets in linear v{C}ech closure spaces (Lv{C}CS). Here, we observe that the concept of linearity is preserved by semi-open sets, g-semi open sets, $gamma$-open sets, sgc-dense sets and compact sets in Lv{C}CS. We also discuss the concept of relative v{C}ech closure operator, meet and pro...

Algebraic multi-zone infiltration models (e.g. COMIS, CONTAM) have been developed to predict air flows and contaminant transport in complex buildings. However these models assume that each building zone is a well-mixed volume. This assumption is not appropriate to model large indoor spaces. We describe two simplified approaches, called zonal methods, to describe air flows in large indoor spaces...

New techniques to measure 2-D and 3-D visibility over urban spaces are presented in this paper. The concept of ‘isovist’, i.e. the visible space from a vantage point, could help in providing a quantifiable basis for Kevin Lynch's urban analysis, as outlined in his book The Image of the City. We also expand on the concept of 3-D isovists and develop a new technique to calculate them on Digital E...

according to statistics, in 2009 iran’s oil and gas consumption were 1.4 and 3.1 times higher than the world average and during 1998 to 2008 residential sector accounted for 42% of the total energy consumption in the country. as hot-humid climate is the most severe climate across the world, climatic consideration must be incorporated in design of the new dwellings in this area. over the centuri...

Landmarks provide the most predominant navigation cue for pedestrian navigation. Very few navigation data models in the geographical information science and transportation communities support modeling of landmarks and use of landmark-based route instructions for pedestrian navigation services. This article proposes a landmark-based pedestrian navigation data model to fill this gap. This data mo...

UNLABELLED We examined concentrations and migration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ten mixed-use buildings in southeast Michigan, USA. In an office and work zone in each building, air exchange rates (AERs) were measured using perfluorocarbon tracers, and over 96 VOC species were measured by GC/MS over a 7-day period. VOCs were then apportioned to sources in offices, work zones, and out...

Buildings and spaces are complex entities containing complex social structures and interactions. A smart space is a composite of the users that inhabit it, the IT infrastructure that supports it, and the sensors and appliances that service it. Rather than separating the IT from the buildings and from the appliances that inhabit them and treating them as separate systems, pervasive computing com...

traditional building technologies have much to teach us about how to design regionally appropriate structures. the orosi is one of these useful technologies, which has been used for many centuries in order to control the harsh sunlight in iran. this architectural element was rather important because the intensive solar radiation could easily damage valuable carpets used in most spaces in persia...