When evaluating of the senior manager’s performance is based on the achieving to budget and they have responsibility to report the capacity of resources which are in their part too; it is possible to create budget slack and effect on their performance evaluation by providing pessimistic and conservatively estimates or manipulated information of income and expenses. So, Senior Manager and Budget...

Power is arguably the critical resource in computer system design today. In this work, we focus on maximizing performance of a chip multiprocessor (CMP) system, for a given power budget, by developing techniques to budget power between processor cores and caches. Dynamic cache configuration can reduce cache capacity and associativity, thereby freeing up chip power, but may increase the miss rat...

This brief examines the challenges faced by Georgia in its implementation of a Prioritized Program Budgeting system, with a particular focus on the development of the state’s budgetary program structure. While there is voluminous information about the development and use of performance measures, e.g.,(Hatry 1999; Poister & Streib 1999; Kittredge & Kissler 1998; Joyce 1999, 2003), there are few ...

Although modern computer systems process increasing amounts of sensitive, private, and valuable information, most of today’s operating systems (OSs) fail to protect confidential data against unauthorized disclosure over covert channels. Securing the large code bases of these OSs and checking the secured code for the absence of covert channels would come at enormous costs. Microkernels significa...

BACKGROUND The impact of surgical conditions on global health, particularly on vulnerable populations, is gaining recognition. However, only 3.5% of the 234.2 million cases per year of major surgery are performed in countries where the world's poorest third reside, such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). METHODS Data on the availability of anesthesia and surgical services were gat...

This paper analyzes changes in passenger passenger activity and operating performance following implementation of a bus stop consolidation project at TriMet, the regional transit provider for the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. The study makes extensive use of archived bus operations and passenger activity data from TriMet’s automated bus dispatching system. Focusing on one of the first rou...

The terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2) budget interacts with the Earth’s climate system on diurnal to centennial and longer time scales, making it critical for climatic prediction and stabilization. Atmospheric observations and global syntheses of CO2 data indicate that the terrestrial biosphere is one the major sources of interannual variability, but the underlying mechanisms operating on differ...

a r t i c l e i n f o Due to healthcare costs rising faster than overall cost of living, decision makers (i.e., households, businesses, and governments) must cut back on healthcare utilization or spending elsewhere to be fiscally responsible. Accurate forecasts of future medical costs are critical for efficient planning, budgeting and operating decisions at all levels. This research compares th...