conclusions the length of sensory and motor blockade is shorter in chronic opioid abusers. adding 10 µg sufentanil to hyperbaric bupivacaine in opium abusers lengthened the sensory and motor block duration. results the duration of sensory and motor block were significantly less in group c (537.0 ± 40.1 minutes, 479.0 ± 34.8 minutes) and the longest duration of sensory and motor block was observ...

background according to recent theories on addiction, attentional bias towards drug-related stimuli plays a pivotal role in the initiation of drug abuse. objectives the present study attempted to investigate attentional bias towards drug-related words in addicts and non-addicts. patients and methods to attain the objectives, following a causal-comparative study, a number of 15 addicts under tre...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize and reflect over primarily recent epidemiological and randomized controlled trials in opioid-treated chronic nonmalignant pain patients, focusing on effects, side effects, risks and long-term consequences of the treatment. RECENT FINDINGS In the western world opioids are increasingly being used for long-term treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain. While the long...

background: this review was performed to evaluate the trend of alcohol use, characteristics of consumers, alcohol use disorders and toxic alcohol intoxications in bangladesh. in addition, sources and sales figures of alcoholic beverages, and number of legal permits issued for alcohol consumption are reported and analyzed. methods: a narrative search was performed on available medical literature...

conclusions considering non-modifiable risk factors, leaders and commanders may recognize more vulnerable soldiers and try to resolve modifiable factors and decrease the risk of getting worse (with respect to substance abuse) about 7.3 times. results totally, 6.7% of soldiers improved, 82% remained without change, 6.1% deteriorated, and 5.2% severely deteriorated with regard to their substance ...

Chronic pain is a prevalent and debilitating condition, conveying immense human burden. Suffering from chronic pain is not only caused by painful symptomatology, but also through a wide range of psychopathological and physical consequences, including depression and anxiety disorders, impaired sleep and cognition, cardiovascular morbidity and impaired sexual function, all contributing to diminis...

The high prevalence of HIV infection and drug dependence among prisoners, combined with the sharing of injecting drug equipment, make prisons a high-risk environment for the transmission of HIV. Ultimately, this contributes to HIV epidemics in the communities to which prisoners return on their release. We reviewed the effectiveness of interventions to reduce injecting drug use risk behaviours a...

OBJECTIVE This study assesses the effect of higher doses of methadone during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN We retrospectively reviewed clinical data for 81 mothers who received methadone and their 81 offspring. The cohort was divided into high-dose (>/=100 mg) and low-dose (<100 mg) groups. RESULTS There were no differences in the rate of medication treatment for ne...