Medical research indicated that narrowing of the retinal blood vessels might be an early indicator cardiovascular diseases; one them is hypertensive retinopathy. This paper proposed new staging method retinopathy by measure ratio diameter artery and vein (AVR). The dataset used in this public Messidor color fundus image dataset. consists resizing using bicubic interpolation, optic disk detectio...

Optic disk reflectance was measured from 27 normal observers with their physiological lenses (aged 21-74 yr) and from two pseudophakic observers (aged 69 and 70 yr) with use of a Utrecht fundus reflection densitometer. Psychophysical heterochromatic flicker photometric luminance matches (10 degrees field) were obtained on the same group of the observers. A four-parameter model incorporating len...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma and hypertension are eye disease which is harmful and causes pressure in eye nerve and finally blindness. With the invention of new systems and the developing of new technologies the research in the medicine field had a great impulse. In particular, the development of the medical imaging field has been revolutionary with the availability of new techniques to ...

The causes of nonglaucomatous optic disk atrophy and excavation are enumerated in people 65 years or older: congenital anomalies, myopia, ischemic disorders, transsynaptic degeneration, traumatic, compressive, hereditary, toxic and infectious optic neuropathy.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is an eye disease that belongs to diabetic retinopathy which leads to vision loss. DME, which is a swelling in the macular region of eye is a common vision problem seen in diabetic patients.Hard exudates (bright lesions)in the fundus image indicates the presence of DME. When blood vessels in retina of diabetic patient is begin to leak into the macula region of eye l...