nowadays, it has demonstrated that viruses can be transmitted by water and foods. therefore, it causes the research to develop for detecting different viruses in water and foods. among foods, milk can transfer potentially pathogenic viruses. on the other hand, to achieve every method for recovery and extraction of viruses in raw milk it needs to know about impact of milk components on viruses. ...

PURPOSE To assess the crystalline lens opacity level by measuring ocular light scattering with a double-pass system. DESIGN Prospective, single-center, cross-sectional study. METHODS Two hundred fifty-three eyes of 135 patients referred for cataract evaluation were enrolled. Patients with corneal or retinal anomalies potentially impairing ocular transparency were excluded. Lens opacificatio...

Transfer functions are fundamentals for direct volume rendering to visualize object through mapping optical properties to the voxel data values. One aspect of direct volume rendering which has received no attention in transfer function design is the use of voxel position in transfer functions. Often, there are features of interest in volume data that are visualized or not depending on their vox...

Optical coherence theory is used to describe image formation in a telecentric optical system. By assuming a weakly interacting object and by considering points that are not too far from the optical axis, an optical transfer function description is obtained for imaging both the phase and the amplitude components of the object. A dimensionless coordinate system is identified to allow the transfer...

We investigate robust optical wireless communication in a highly scattering propagation medium using multielement optical detector arrays. The communication setup consists of synchronized multiple transmitters that send information to a receiver array and an atmospheric propagation channel. The mathematical model that best describes this scenario is multi-input to multi-output communication thr...

We have constructed an analytic formula for the mean radial modulation transfer function of the best-corrected human eye as a function of pupil diameter, based on previously collected wave front aberrations from 200 eyes (Thibos, Hong, Bradley, & Cheng, 2002). This formula will be useful in modeling the early stages of human vision.

Oblique plane imaging, using remote focusing with a tilted mirror, enables direct two-dimensional (2D) imaging of any inclined plane of interest in three-dimensional (3D) specimens. It can image real-time dynamics of a living sample that changes rapidly or evolves its structure along arbitrary orientations. It also allows direct observations of any tilted target plane in an object of which orie...

A simplified optoelectronic 3R regenerator without electrical signal processing is demonstrated by utilizing the nonlinear electro-optical transfer function of an electroabsorption modulator. 3R regeneration of impaired 10-Gb/s RZ signals is demonstrated, verifying the proposed concept.

background: similar to the thermoluminescence (tl) spectra, the optical parameters variations can also be used in tl crystals for dosimetry purposes. these optical parameters can include absorption, transmission and reflection coefficients. materials and methods: single crystals of kbr and kcl which have been used in this research were grown from laboratory grade extra pure precursor powders. c...