Leaf Incorporating Biochemistry Exhibiting Reflectance and Transmittance Yields (LIBERTY) models the effects of leaf biochemical concentrations on reflectance spectra on the basis of Melamed theory, which has several limitations. These are: (1) the radiation components are not treated satisfactorily; (2) the directional changes of both particle and sublayer scattering ratios are not considered;...

Tin oxide films were implanted with N at various energies between 5 to 40 keV for different ion doses between 10 to 10 cm. The microstructure, optical and electrical properties of the films were investigated. From Transmission Electron Microscopy the implanted films were shown to be amorphous. The implanted thickness for the 10 keV and 40 keV were found to be 30 nm and 110 nm, respectively. The...

The structural and optical characterization of bulk GeO2-PbO glasses was the goal of this study. In this regard, six different (100-x)GeO2‌-xPbO (15<x<45) glasses were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique between two steel sheets. The produced samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-Vis s...

Changes in intrinsic optical signals could be related to cell swelling; however, the evidence is not compelling. We measured light transmittance, ECS volume fraction (alpha), and extracellular K+ in rat spinal cord slices during electrical stimulation and the application of elevated potassium, NMDA, or anisoosmotic solutions. Dorsal root stimulation (10 Hz/1 min) induced an elevation in extrace...

Superhydrophobic self-cleaning surfaces were produced with simultaneous wide-angle optical transmittance in the near-infrared region and antireflection properties from combination of multi-scale surface topology based on silica nanoparticles, index grading and interference.

Determination of the radiation response of doped-fiber laser materials, systems and components to relevant ionizing radiation fluxes is central to the prediction of long-term fiber-based laser performance/survivability in adverse and/or space-based environments. It is well known that optical elements that are placed into orbit around the Earth experience harsh radiation environments that origin...

Transparent Nd-doped ZnO films with thickness in the range of 70 to 250 nm were grown by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) on c-cut sapphire substrates at various oxygen pressures and substrate temperatures. A wide range of optical and electrical properties of the films were obtained and correlated to the composition and crystalline structure. The Nd-doped ZnO films are smooth, dense, and display t...

Determination of particulate absorption in natural waters is often made by measuring the transmittance of samples on glass-fiber filters with the so-called quantitative filter technique (QFT). The accuracy of this technique is limited due to variations in the optical properties of the sample/filter composite, and due to uncertainties in the path-length amplification induced by multiple scatteri...

Zinc sulfide (ZnS) films were deposited through a simple and low cost spray pyrolytic technique using mixed aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate and thiourea. The structural and optical properties of these films were investigated as a function of initial (Zn:S) molar ratio in the precursor solution, which varied between (1:1) and (1:3). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that wurtzite...