The National Waqf Body (BWI) and Ministry of Finance (MoF) have implemented a model called Cash Linked Sukuk (CWLS) issued the Government Indonesia (Islamic securities) namely (SWI) in 2020. intention behind applying CWLS is to accelerate waqf as one Islamic social funds particularly, optimize collection cash with securities serve public at same time diversify sovereign (Sukuk) financial market...

A rm whose net earnings are uncertain, and that is subject to the risk of bankruptcy, must choose between paying dividends and retaining earnings in a liquid reserve. Also, diierent operating strategies imply diierent combinations of expected return and variance. We model the rm's cash reserve as the diierence between the cumulative net earnings and the cumulative dividends. The rst is a diiusi...

Releasing prices and performing cash subsidy payment to all applicants with a different income level create differences in the method of household function and different services of organizations including waste and recycling management organization. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cash subsidy payment on the quantity of domestic waste in Rasht (Guilan province, Iran)....

The paper determined optimum farm plan for food security among smallholder farmers in Imo State, Nigeria. Data were collected with structured and validated questionnaire from 180 smallholder crops farmers in Imo State. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency distribution and percentages), budgetary analysis and linear programming model. Results show that the mean age of...

The paper determined optimum farm plan for food security among smallholder farmers in Imo State, Nigeria. Data were collected with structured and validated questionnaire from 180 smallholder crops farmers in Imo State. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency distribution and percentages), budgetary analysis and linear programming model. Results show that the mean age of...

We present a model in which an entrepreneur who needs to raise funds in order to finance a project chooses what level of disclosure his firm will abide to. The disclosure level is assumed to make a proportion of the cash flows verifiable and hence functions as a mechanism for the entrepreneur to credibly commit not to expropriate investors. The model predicts that less than complete disclosure ...

We consider a problem of optimal control of an infinite horizon system governed by forward-backward stochastic differential equations with delay. Sufficient and necessary maximum principles for optimal control under partial information in infinite horizon are derived. We illustrate our results by an application to a problem of optimal consumption with respect to recursive utility from a cash fl...

This paper investigates whether institutional investors influence firms’ investment in real assets and reduce the managerial agency conflict in investment choices. Institutional investors’ holdings of U.S. firms have gone from 10% of shares outstanding in 1960, to well over 60% in 2005. Importantly, given their significant ownership stakes and investment horizons, we expect them to closely moni...

1.0 INTRODUCTION In the past few decades, U.S. businesses have made large investments in information technology (IT), without decisive evidence about the value of such investments [1]. A natural question that arises in this context is whether managers have wasted organizational resources through large investments in IT. In his well-known free cash flow hypothesis, Michael Jensen argues that man...