Human PrimPol is a DNA primase/polymerase involved in DNA damage tolerance and prevents nuclear genome instability. PrimPol is also localized to the mitochondria, but its precise function in mitochondrial DNA maintenance has remained elusive. PrimPol works both as a translesion (TLS) polymerase and as the primase that restarts DNA replication after a lesion. However, the observed biochemical ac...

Copying multiple regions of a DNA molecule is routinely performed today using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a process commonly referred to as multiplex PCR. The development of a multiplex PCR reaction involves designing primer sets and examining various combinations of those primer sets and different reaction components and/or thermal cycling conditions. The process of optimizing a mul...

In polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product analysis, a comparison of target amplicon yield to such PCR artifacts as primer-dimers and misprimed secondary products is essential in PCR assay optimization. This process requires accurate and reproducible measurement of amplified DNA products over a wide range of sizes and concentrations. The 2100 Bioanalyzer is ideally suited to provide rapid quant...

Nocardia globerula NHB-2 exhibited an intracellular acetonitrile hydrolysing activity (AHA) when cultivated in nutrient broth supplemented with glucose (10.0 g/l) and yeast extract (1.0 g/l), at pH 8.0, 30 degrees C for 21 hr. Maximum AHA was recorded in the culture containing 0.1 M of sodium phosphate buffer, (pH 8.8) at 45 degrees C for 15 min with 600 micromol of acetonitrile and resting cel...

Systematic studies of reaction conditions and subsequent optimization led to the identification of important parameters for stereoselectivity in the asymmetric alpha-hydroxylation reaction of 1,3-ketoesters. Enantioselectivities of up to 98% can be achieved for cyclic substrates and 88% for acyclic ketoesters. Subsequently, the combination of cyclic/acyclic ketoester, catalyst, and oxidant was ...

Introduction of a biotinylated monophosphine palladium complex within streptavidin affords an enantioselective artificial Suzukiase. Site-directed mutagenesis allowed the optimization of the activity and the enantioselectivity of this artificial metalloenzyme. A variety of atropisomeric biaryls were produced in good yields and up to 90% ee. The hybrid catalyst described herein shows comparable ...

Research-scale fully automated flow platform for reaction self-optimization with solids handling facilitates identification of optimal conditions continuous manufacturing pharmaceuticals while reducing amounts raw materials consumed.

In thermoelectric coolers (TECs) applied external voltage potential is generated to a temperature difference based on the Peltier effect. Main and basic structure of TECs is in the form of single stage device. Due to the low efficiency, especially low coefficient of performance (COP) of thermoelectric coolers, optimal design of geometrical parameters of such devices is vital. For this purpose, ...

In this work, we use a notion of convexificator [25] together with the support function [3, 4, 15, 16, 41] to establish necessary optimality conditions for set valued bilevel optimization problems. Fortunately, the Lipschitz property of a set-valued mapping is conserved for its support function. An intermediate set-valued optimization problem is introduced to help us in our investigation.

In recent years, sequential optimality conditions are frequently used for convergence of iterative methods to solve nonlinear constrained optimization problems. The sequential optimality conditions do not require any of the constraint qualications. In this paper, We present the necessary sequential complementary approximate Karush Kuhn Tucker (CAKKT) condition for a point to be a solution of a ...