from applied linguistic point of view, the fundamental question facing the language teachers, methodologists and course designers is which procedure is more effective in fl/sl: learning to use or using to learn? definitely, in order to be a competent language user, knowledge of language system is necessary, but it is not sufficient to be a successful language user. that is why there was a gradu...

⎯The convergence of genetic algorithm is mainly determined by its core operation crossover operation. When the objective function is a multiple hump function, traditional genetic algorithms are easily trapped into local optimum, which is called premature convergence. In this paper, we propose a new genetic algorithm with improved arithmetic crossover operation based on gradient method. This cro...

We investigate generalized measurements, based on positive-operator-valued measures, and von Neumann measurements for the unambiguous discrimination of two mixed quantum states that occur with given prior probabilities. In particular, we derive the conditions under which the failure probability of the measurement can reach its absolute lower bound, proportional to the fidelity of the states. Th...

We consider a parameter estimation problem with independent observations where one samples from a finite population of independent and identically distributed experimental conditions X. The size of the population is N but only n samples, a proportion α of N , can be used. The quality of a sample is measured by a regular optimality criterion φ(·) based on the information matrix, such as the D-cr...

We consider a general problem of finding a strategy that minimizes the exponential moment of a given cost function, with an emphasis on its relation to the more common criterion of minimization the expectation of the first moment of the same cost function. In particular, our main result is a theorem that gives simple sufficient conditions for a strategy to be optimum in the exponential moment s...

This paper introduces a novel fuzzy adaptive optimization strategy (FAOPSO) for the particle swarm algorithm. Initially, to avoid falling into local optimums, the information of multioptimum distribution state is introduced into the particle swarm movement programming. However, in this kind of multi-optimum static programming mode (MSPPSO), the programming proportion factor of multi-optimum can...