An order-restricted (OR) statistical model can be expressed in the general form {Pθ | θ ∈ C}, where C is a convex cone in R. In general, no unbiased estimator exists for θ. In particular, the OR maximum likelihood estimator (ORMLE) is biased, although its aggregate mean square error is usually less than that of the unrestricted MLE (URMLE). Nonetheless, the bias and mean-square error (MSE) of a...

The spectral sensitivity of the middle wavelength cone was measured in two species of South American monkey, Cebus apella and Callicebus moloch, using electroretinogram (ERG) flicker photometry. Both of these species were found to have a polymorphism of the middle wavelength cone. Eight male Cebus monkeys each had only a single type of middle wavelength cone having lambda max values of either 5...

General definitions for causal structures on manifolds of dimension d + 1 > 2 are presented for the topological category and for any differentiable one. Locally, these are given as cone structures via local (pointwise) homeomorphic or diffeomorphic abstraction from the standard null cone variety in IR. Weak () and strong () local cone (LC) structures refer to the cone itself or a manifold thick...

Let $X$ be a  Banach  space, $Csubset X$  be  a  closed  convex  set  included  in  a well-based cone $K$, and also let $sigma_C$ be the support function which is defined on $C$. In this note, we first study the existence of a  bounded base for the cone $K$, then using the obtained results, we find some geometric conditions for the set  $C$,  so that ${mathop{rm int}}(mathrm{dom} sigma_C) neqem...

General definitions for causal structures on manifolds of dimension d + 1 > 2 are presented for the topological category and for any differentiable one. Locally, these are given as cone structures via local (pointwise) homeomorphic or diffeomorphic abstraction from the standard null cone variety in IR d+1. Weak (C) and strong (C m) local cone (LC) structures refer to the cone itself or a manifo...

Ten patients undergoing cataract surgery were given a local anaesthetic with lignocaine solution which was mixed with iohexol contrast medium. The location of the needle and the substance injected was determined by computerised tomography following retrobulbar or periocular anaesthesia. The retrobulbarly inserted needles were within the muscle cone, directed towards the optic foramen. The perio...

We prove the existence and uniqueness of harmonic maps in degree one homotopy classes of closed, orientable surfaces of positive genus, where the target has non-positive Gauss curvature and conic points with cone angles less than 2π. For a homeomorphism w of such a surface, we prove existence and uniqueness of minimizers in the homotopy class of w relative to the inverse images of the cone poin...

Eighty eight plus trees representing the entire distributional range of Pinus wallichiana (Blue pine or Kail ) in Kashmir Himalaya were sampled to determine the extent and nature of variability and character association in eight cone and seed traits. Wide variations were observed in cone weight (28.16-46.0 g), number of seeds/cone (41.6-90.6) and 1000 seed weight (42.0-67.0 g). Genetic coeffici...

Mutations in RPE65 or lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) disrupt 11-cis-retinal synthesis and cause Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), a severe hereditary blindness occurring in early childhood. The pathology is attributed to a combination of 11-cis-retinal deficiency and photoreceptor degeneration. The mistrafficking of cone membrane-associated proteins including cone opsins (M- and S-opsi...