Yabancı dil öğreniminde temel hedef, o dilin sadece bilgisi öğretimi değil, aynı zamanda da kültür de olmalıdır. Çünkü dil, kültürün aktarılmasında ve başka kültüre tanıtılmasında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu sebeple öğretiminde kültürel değerlerin anlatılması aktarılması, öğrenimi geliştirmesinin yanında, dili öğrenen kişilerin düşünce dünyasını zenginleştirir. açıdan öğretiminde, ders mate...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of infections caused by Cefotaximase-Munich (CTX-M)-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) has rapidly increased during the past 15 years. Enterobacteriaceae are commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and long-term intestinal carriage is considered important for the spread of ESBL and as a source of clinical infections. Oral b...

Carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have recently been implicated in neoplastic progression, tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This special fibroblast subpopulation plays a major role in initiation of tumor progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We established a co-culture model of SCC-25 lingual squamous cell carcinoma cells and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Ge...

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus. CD4+ lymphocytes count and the quantification of viral RNA in blood plasma have been found to be the main markers of HIV disease progression. The present study was conducted to evaluate Candida sp. diversity in the oral cavity of HIV-infected patients and to det...

Meningitis is rarely seen following oral injury. We describe a 3-year-old boy developing meningitis and brain abscess following a penetrating oral wooden stick injury. There was no cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea noted. A cerebrospinal fluid culture yielded viridans streptococcus. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed a multiloculated ring-enhancing mass. This patient...