Fourteen pregnant women were shown by the oral glucose tolerance test to have gestational diabetes. In 13 an increased urinary xanthurenic-acid excretion after an oral load of L-tryptophan indicated a relative pyridoxine deficiency. All patients were treated with vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 100 mg/day for 14 days by mouth, after which the pyridoxine deficiency disappeared and the oral glucose toler...

Zukerman S, Ackroff K, Sclafani A. Rapid post-oral stimulation of intake and flavor conditioning by glucose and fat in the mouse. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301: R1635–R1647, 2011. First published October 5, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00425.2011.—Although widely assumed to have only satiating actions, nutrients in the gut can also condition increases in intake in some cases. Here we ...

The acute and subacute hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of drinkable ripe onion juice (Commercial product name is "Black Onion Extract") were investigated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. For tests of acute and subacute hypoglycemic effects, ripe onion juice (5 and 15 mL/kg b.w.) was administered by oral gavage to normal Sprague Dawley rats and measurements of fasti...

INCRETIN EFFECT IN TYPE 2 DIABETES—Whereas glucose-tolerant individuals are capable of adjusting their insulin secretion to their actual insulin sensitivity, people with type 2 diabetes are incapable of doing so (1). b-Cell failure is therefore the hallmark of this disease, although failure may be precipitated by the development of insulin resistance, typically as a consequence of obesity. In h...

The antilipolytic effect of insulin was studied in 9 obese and 10 age- and sex-matched subjects of normal weight. Isolated fat cells were taken before and 1 h after an 100 g oral glucose load. Insulin inhibition of basal and isoprenaline-induced rates of lipolysis were determined by using a sensitive bioluminescent glycerol assay. When compared with the controls, the obese group showed a lower ...

With the advent of more intensive glucose management, hypoglycemia has emerged as a primary limitation in the treatment of insulindependent diabetes. It is now recognized that the increased incidence of hypoglycemia derives not only from imperfect insulin replacement but also from impaired counterregulation and hypoglycemic unawareness (1). The latter two observations have led to a renewed inte...

Background and aims: When a high fat oral load is followed several hours later by further ingestion of nutrients, there is an early postprandial peak in plasma triacylglycerol (TG). The aim of this study was to investigate the location and release of lipid from within the gastrointestinal tract. Methods: Ten healthy patients undergoing oesopho-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD) were recruited. At t=0, a...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS When a high fat oral load is followed several hours later by further ingestion of nutrients, there is an early postprandial peak in plasma triacylglycerol (TG). The aim of this study was to investigate the location and release of lipid from within the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS Ten healthy patients undergoing oesopho-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD) were recruited. At t=0, a...

Glucosamine is widely used to relieve symptoms from osteoarthritis. Its safety and effects on glucose metabolism are critically evaluated in this review. The LD50 of oral glucosamine in animals is approximately 8000 mg/kg with no adverse effects at 2700 mg/kg for 12 months. Because altered glucose metabolism can be associated with parenteral administration of large doses of glucosamine in anima...