• When examination of this area is complete, gently and slowly remove the index fi nger and allow the patient to close the eyes for a few seconds • Ask the patient to look down and to hold this gaze • With the tip of the thumb, gently and slowly touch the top eyelid midway between the eyelid margin and the eyebrow (Figure 3) – do not exert any pressure! • Ease the eyelid up, gently and slowly, ...

Astyanax altiparanae, belonging to the bimaculatus group, which includes species with similar colors and morphology, occurs in the upper Paraná River basin. As the use of mitochondrial DNA has made great strides in the diagnosis of species, in previous researches, two strains were detected in A. altiparanae with a high divergence in the D-loop region, provisionally called AltoPR and AltoPR-D. E...

Image-guided sensory block and radiofrequency ablation of the nerves innervating the sacro-iliac joint require readily identifiable bony landmarks for accurate needle/electrode placement. Understanding the relative locations of the transverse sacral tubercles along the lateral sacral crest is important for ultrasound guidance, as they demarcate the position of the posterior sacral network (S1-S...

A paranasal sinus mucocele is an epithelial-lined, mucus-containing sac that completely fills the and forms expandable cystic structure. It most commonly affects frontal ethmoidal sinuses, rarely maxillary sphenoid sinuses. Orbital displacement or external disfigurement resulting from expansion of ethmoid sinuses common; however, facial asymmetry caused by bone remodeling rare. We describe a ca...

OBJECTIVES To calculate the volume of bone in 3 areas of the deep lateral orbit that are available for removal in decompression surgery and to demonstrate these 3 areas within a 3-dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction of the orbit. DESIGN The 3 areas of bone in the deep lateral orbit were designated the lacrimal keyhole, the sphenoid door jamb, and the basin of the inferior orbital ...

BACKGROUND Orbital infiltration in patients with multiple myeloma is a rare condition, with less than 50 cases reported in the medical literature. Most patients undergo conservative treatment because multiple myeloma is a disseminated systemic disease. CASE PRESENTATION A 43-year-old male subject with multiple myeloma and long-term survival presented with orbital involvement. The subject lack...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the thickness of buccal and palatal alveolar bone and buccal bony curvature below root apex in maxillary anterior teeth of Korean adults using Cone-beam CT images. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 3D image was reconstructed with dicom file obtained through CBCT from 20 - 39 year old Korean subjects (n = 20). The thickness of buccal and palatal plate, roo...

Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the sellar region yields an alternative to classical microsurgical approaches. Endoscopes provide images that differ from microscopic view. This study aimed to highlight surgical landmarks and their anatomical relationships for pituitary surgery through endoscopic perspective. Ten sides of five adult cadaveric heads with red-colored latex injecte...

Orbital morphometry is an important consideration during surgical procedures such as reconstruction of the face and cranium. These are done to restore lost functional capacity or to improve cosmetic appearance. Periorbital and intraorbital neurovascular structures risk relative damage during these maneuvers. A thorough understanding of orbital anatomy is therefore essential in avoiding surgical...

Flag codes are multishot network consisting of sequences nested subspaces (flags) a vector space Fqn, where q is prime power and Fq, the finite field size q. In this paper we study construction on Fq2k full flag having maximum distance (optimum codes) that can be endowed with an orbital structure provided by action subgroup general linear group. More precisely, starting from subspace code dimen...