Negotiated settlements are a form of regulation of public utilities that is alternative or complementary to the conventional process of litigation. Since the early 1960s they have been seen primarily as a means of coping with a regulatory backlog and as saving regulatory processing time. More recently legal scholars and practitioners suggest that settlements better serve the needs of the partie...

Excavation works in urban areas require a preliminary risk damage assessment. In historical cities, the prediction of building response to settlements is necessary to reduce the risk of damage of the architectural heritage. The current method used to predict the building damage due to ground deformations is the Limiting Tensile Strain Method (LTSM) [3]. This method is based on an uncoupled soil...

The work presented here develops a distributed systems architecture and propose an implementation framework for conducting dependable Internet based on-line auctions, meeting the requirements of scalability and service integrity. Current auction services essentially rely on a central auction server. Given the increasing popularity and usage of electronic auctions, such a centralised approach is...

Law No. 225/1992 established a National Service of Civil Protection, with the important role of 'safeguarding life, goods, settlements and the environment from damage deriving from natural disasters, catastrophes and calamities' (art. 1). This law arranges civil protection as a co-ordinated system of responsibilities administrated by the state, local and public authorities, the world of science...

BACKGROUND Roma represent one of the largest and oldest minorities in Europe. Health of many of them, particularly those living in settlements, is heavily compromised by poor dwelling, low educational level, unemployment, and poverty rooted in generational poverty, segregation and discrimination. The cross-sectional population-based study using community based approach aimed to map the prevalen...

The claim that the settlements in the West Bank are gated communities might seem trivial. Those settlements are an explicit example of a community featuring, on the one hand, social cohesion based on shared values, while, on the other hand, self-isolation with the help of fences and a stress on the ‘security of the community’. The argument of this paper, however, is different. The paper suggest...

introduction: due to irregular growth and expansion of cities, especially in developing countries, various issues and difficulties have arisen in different economic, social and ecological fields and various measurements and approaches in order to supply desirable conditions for today and future generations. healthy city approach is one these approaches as today it’s a new mechanism proposed by ...

Lack of sanitation facilities is a common occurrence in informal settlements that are common in most developing countries. One challenge with sanitation provision in these settlements is the cost and financing of sanitation. This study aimed at estimating the cost of sanitation, and investigating the social and economic dynamics within Kisumu's informal settlements that hinder provision and upt...