This paper describes bioanalytical methods and biosensors which rely on cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition and can be used to detect and test the toxicity of organophosphate (OP) and carbamate pesticides. Particular attention is given to the combined use of these methods and photothermal detection that has recently led to improved sensitivity and increased sample throughput of ChE bioanalytical as...

Several organophosphate and organochlorine compounds, including pesticides commonly found in the Great Lakes basin, have the potential to induce immunotoxicity. Because of biomagnification and accumulation in the food chain, Great Lakes residents may inadvertently be exposed to these compounds and thus face increased risk of immune dysfunction. In spite of the laboratory animal data and evidenc...

BACKGROUND Exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides is an occupational hazard for farmworkers and affects their children through the take-home pathway. OBJECTIVES We examined the effectiveness of a randomized community intervention to reduce pesticide exposure among farmworkers and their children. METHODS We conducted a baseline survey of a cross-sectional sample of farmworkers (year 1) ...

The Australian sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina) and the sheep body louse (Bovicola ovis) have both demonstrated their propensity to develop resistance to insecticides used for their control. Most populations of L. cuprina contain individuals resistant to organochlorines and organophosphates. Some are also resistant to benzoylphenyl ureas. Many populations of B. ovis are resistant to pyrethroid i...

Organophosphates constitute environmentally hazardous molecules that are commonly used in agriculture and various industries as chemical warfare agents. They extremely stable compounds with a half-life of up to thousands years. Because the lack protection against their harmful activities environment, recently intensive efforts have been made design synthetic for hydrolytic degradation. These in...

Owing to the threat of organophosphate exposures, not only to pesticides but also to nerve agents, it is very important to know the whole process of organophosphates-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) reactivation. Although current antidotes against organophosphorus intoxications consist also of prophylactics, AChE reactivators are still needed especially in the case of intoxicat...

background: the use of organophosphates (ops) in developing countries is rising in large quantities and non-secure methods. this problem not only causes acute poisoning but also may lead to chronic diseases such as polyneuropathy. in iran, 60% of pesticides are organophosphate compounds that may lead to delayed polyneuropathy. objectives: the purpose of the current study was to evaluate delayed...