gross rainfall (gr) partitioning into throughfall (tf), stemflow (sf) and interception loss (i) was studied in a pure oriental beech (fagus orientalis lipsky) forest located in the central caspian region of northern iran. measurements were performed on a rainfall event basis in a 5625 m2 plot of the kheyrud forest research station of tehran university during 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. gr wa...

The Oriental species of Microplitis Foerster are reviewed. 21 species are recognized from the Oriental region, of which two are described as new, Microplitis narendrani sp. nov. and M. pennatulae sp. nov., and Microplitis carinicollis (Cameron), M. demolitor Wilkinson, M. maculipennis (Szépligeti) and M. similis Lyle are redescribed. Four species, Microplitis areyongensis Austin & Dangerfield, ...

BACKGROUND Some European pear varieties treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) often remain 'evergreen', meaning that their ripening process is blocked and does not resume after removal from cold storage. In this work this was confirmed also to be the case in 'Conference' pears. To reverse the blockage of ripening 1-MCP treatments combined with external exogenous ethylene were tested. RESU...

L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) concentration changes during the development of cv. Conference pears and the influence of postharvest handlings (gas condition, cooling rate, cooling duration) on L-AA breakdown were studied. L-AA concentration fluctuates in young fruits, remains stable during fruit maturation, and starts to decline 1 week before commercial harvest. The most rapid decrease in L-AA concent...

Color is an important agronomic trait of pears, and the anthocyanin content of fruit is immensely significant for pear coloring. In this study, an anthocyanin-activating R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene, PyMYB10.1, was isolated from fruits of red sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Aoguan). Alignments of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences suggested that PyMYB10.1 was involved in anthocyanin r...

To better understand the cold-induced regulation of scald-like disorders in pears and specific roles played by ethylene ?-farnesene, three pear cultivars with different patterns production chilling requirement were used this study. Fruit treated 1-MCP (ethylene inhibitor) Lovastatin (?-farnesene stored at -0.5 °C 90 % RH during 6 months. Changes targeted metabolites, enzymes genes monitored per...

Solar activity has been recorded as auroras or sunspots in various historical sources. These records are of much importance for investigating both long-term solar activities and extremely intense solar flares. In previous studies, they were recorded as “vapor,” “cloud,” or “light,” especially in oriental historical sources; however, the terminology was not discussed adequately and is still quit...