service oriented enterprises (soes) are subject to constant change and variation. in this paper, the changes are considered from an economic perspective based on service culture notion. once a change is implemented, the costs of some member services may increase, whereas the costs of some other services may reduce. we construct a game theoretic model trying to capture the possible conflicting i...

some western scholars of shiite studies believe thatthe chief principle of justice in twelver shia islam or imamiyyah is rooted in mo’tazalediscourse while this principle has its roots in imam ali’s (as) theoretical and practical instructions. justice in imam ali’s view has an epistemological status which initiates from allah’s justice attribute; then it streams in cosmology; and after all it i...

functions in landscape design include values in design and management process to satisfy moral and environmental needs that current attitudes see that as open space design by natural and man-made elements, while the basic intellectual layers related to human as the principles of environmental design have been forgotten. human urban knowledge seeks to meet in health, biological, psychological, s...

The sway of the pendulum in language pedagogy towards conscious learning processes marks the paramount role of metalinguistic awareness. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to compare the impact of teacher-oriented vs. learner-generated metalinguistic awareness activities on Iranian TEFL students’ writing accuracy. Sixty participants in three intact classes were randomly assigned a...

We present a new method, based on averaging, to simulate certain systems with multiple time scales efficiently and demonstrate its utility in the context of the shallow-water equations. We first develop the method in a simple linear setting and analytically prove its stability. This is followed by an extension to the full equations and a presentation of a computational model for it. In this pre...

2 Determining the order of accuracy We are often faced with the problem of how to determine the order p given a sequence of approximations ũh1 , ũh2 , . . . This is can be a good check that a method is correctly implemented (if p is known) and also a way to get a feeling for the credibility of an approximation ũh (high p means high credibility). We can either be in the situation that the exact ...

We derive a class of extended one-step methods of order m for solving delay-differential equations. This class includes methods of fourth and fifth order of accuracy. Also, the class of these methods depends on two free parameters. A convergence theorem and convergence factor of these methods are given. In addition, we investigate the stability properties of these methods. The results of the ar...

research on pre-task planning has revealed that planned conditions have produced more fluent and complex language than unplanned conditions. to date, most of these studies have investigated the effects of individual planning on language production while collaborative planning has received scant attention. to determine the effects of pre-task planning on second language written production, the p...

Alliances represent a variety of governance contexts, and hence provide a rich empirical setting for studying the value-creation mechanisms of Information Technology (IT). We examine the influence of IT investment and flexible IT infrastructure, through Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), in the effect of alliance activity on firm performance. We find that the marginal contribution of each joi...