In a series of engaging observations on colonialism and territorial conquest, Edward Said crafted the notion of “imaginative geography” to describe the ideological impulses of dominant groups seeking control of places and people.1 According to Said, imagined geography is a process initiated by groups with territorial ambitions who reinvent meanings about the landscapes they covet, and frame dis...

in the present paper, we are to put forth a paradigm for the systematic study of modality in persian.with this end in view, we consider modality as a linguistic phenomenon that can be expressed at the level of sentence, at the level of constituents smaller than sentence and/or at the level of discourse. in such a system where sentential modality, sub-sentential modality and discourse modality a...

suhrawardi’s logic of the hikmat al-ishraq is basically modal. so to understand his modal logic one first has to know the non-modal part upon which his modal logic is built. in my previous paper ‘suhrawardi on syllogisms’(3) i discussed the former in detail. the present paper is an exposition of his treatment of modal syllogisms. on the basis of some reasonable existential presuppositions and a...

1Pricing is important for the design, operation, and management of communication networks. Pricing has been used with two different meanings in the area of communication networks. One is the “optimization-oriented” pricing for network resource allocation: it is made popular by Kelly’s seminal work on network congestion control [2, 3]. For example, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) has bee...

The concept of Agent is being used with different meanings and purposes in two separate fields of software engineering, namely Requirements Engineering and Agent-Oriented Software Engineering. After an introduction to Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering (GORE) and its evolution into Agent-Oriented Requirements Engineering (AORE), this chapter provides a review of some of the main Agent-Orien...

The study of modal auxiliary verbs has been done by comparing modal auxiliary verbs in English with the ones in Chinese qualitatively and quantitatively. The modals in English and in Chinese are statistically analyzed through their forms and meanings. The data consists of 50 pieces of Chinese prose with their 50 English translation versions called corpus A and 50 pieces of English prose with th...

This paper investigates subtitle translation from a multi-modal approach. Approaching subtitletranslation from a multi-modal perspective is an attempt to consider subtitle translation as in-tersemiotic translation. It suggests that subtitle translation involves more than the spoken mode,but also involves other semiotic modes, such as the mode of sound effects, the mode of moving...

According to Lightfoot (1979: 112), what is perhaps “most remarkable” about the reanalysis of the premodals is the subsequent development of a set of semantically identical but syntactically full verbs to fill the vacuum created. Lightfoot terms these verbs “quasimodals” and dates their appearance with modal meaning in the 15th century. I will question three of Lightfoot’s claims: the date of t...