Background. Despite the growing interest of second language acquisition (SLA) researchers in languaging process, a few studies have been done on its dynamic attributes various writing tasks.
 Purpose. This study investigated how online written (WL) might impact English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) learners’ performance form-focused tasks with production-based and comprehension-based output ...

Communication networks supporting real-time tasks need to guarantee timely delivery of critical data and commands. Worst-case delay performance of these networks can be analyzed using deterministic network calculus. In this report, we identify the discrepancy between existing bit-oriented delay bounding methods and packet-oriented behaviors of network devices. An optimization-based bit-oriented...

Human computation and crowdsourcing are increasingly gaining momentum. Many platforms already exist providing basic features for crowdsourcing different types of tasks to the Web. Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) provide the ideal technical framework to support interactions with both Human-Provided Services (HPS) and Software-Based Services (SBS). A unified service-oriented computing approa...

An important issue in qualitative spatial reasoning is the representation of relative directions. In this paper we present simple geometric rules that enable reasoning about the relative direction between oriented points. This framework, the oriented point algebra OPRAm, has a scalable granularity m. We develop a simple algorithm for computing the OPRAm composition tables and prove its correctn...

This paper focuses on the potential of the learning aspects of assessment. The term ‘learning-oriented assessment’ is introduced and three elements of it are elaborated: assessment tasks as learning tasks; student involvement in assessment as peeror self-evaluators; and feedback as feedforward. I also indicate how learningoriented assessment was promoted at the institutional level through a ref...

The "default mode network" is commonly described as a set of brain regions in which activity is suppressed during relatively demanding, or difficult, tasks. But what sort of tasks are these? We review some of the contrasting ways in which a task might be assessed as being difficult, such as error rate, response time, propensity to interfere with performance of other tasks, and requirement for t...

Classroom assessment tasks and environment are central to supporting student learning, yet are under-studied at the tertiary level, especially in China’s test-driven culture. This study explores the relationship between students’ perceptions of assessment tasks and classroom assessment environment, within the university context of teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) in China. A questio...

An important issue in Qualitative Spatial Reasoning is the representation of relative direction. In this paper we present simple geometric rules that enable reasoning about relative direction between oriented points. This framework, the Oriented Point Algebra OPRAm, has a scalable granularity m. We develop a simple algorithm for computing the OPRAm composition tables and prove its correctness. ...