Some critics of invasion biology have argued the ecosystems by nonindigenous species can create more valuable ecosystems. They consider invaded communities as because they potentially produce ecosystem services. To establish that introduction creates ecosystems, defend value is provisioned These services are derived from productivity, production and cycling resources. Ecosystem productivity a r...

The present research paper seeks to ascertain whether students respond emotionally literature—as it is argued that the emotions experienced during reading help interpret literary texts. To end, study departs from an investigation of students’ personal responses only determine emotion-based exist in EFL context, thus answering central question guides this work: do affective literature exist? sta...